3M Dynatel 2273 Advanced Cable and Fault Locator User Manual

							September 1999
78-8097-6517-1-B
Dynatel™ 2273
Advanced Cable and
Fault Locator
Operators Manual 
						

							TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ............................................................................... 2
Installing or Replacing the Batteries ........................................ 2
Initial Receiver Configuration .................................................. 3
Receiver Battery Test ................................................................ 3
Transmitter Battery Test ........................................................... 4
Using External DC Power and 5 Watt Output .......................... 4
Locating a Buried Cable ........................................................... 5
      Transmitter Setup ................................................................ 5
      Direct Connect Method ...................................................... 6
      Dyna-Coupler Method ........................................................ 8
      Induction Method ................................................................ 9
      Receiver Setup .................................................................... 10
      About Trace Modes ............................................................. 11
      Selecting Passive Power Frequencies ................................. 12
      Selecting Auxiliary Frequencies ......................................... 12
      Determining Cable Depth and Current .............................. 13
      Using Current Indications During Locating ...................... 14
Locating Sheath Faults .............................................................. 15
      Transmitter Setup ................................................................ 15
      Receiver Setup .................................................................... 15
Locating an Active Duct Probe (ADP) ..................................... 17
      Determining ADP Depth .................................................... 17
Locating EMS Markers ............................................................. 18
      Locating Markers while Tracing Cable Path ...................... 18
      Locating Markers Using the Receiver ................................ 18
Toning Aerial Faults .................................................................. 19
      Transmitter Setup ................................................................ 19
      Receiver Setup .................................................................... 19
Cable or Pair Identification ....................................................... 20
      Transmitter Setup ................................................................ 20
Cable Identification Receiver Setup ......................................... 20
Pair Identification Receiver Setup ............................................ 21
Optional Accessories ................................................................. 21
Technical Information ............................................................... 22
Page 1 
						

							INTRODUCTION
The 3M™ Dynatel™ 2273 Advanced Cable and Fault Locator consists of a
Transmitter and a Receiver for locating buried cables or Active Duct
Probes (sondes). It also measures and pinpoints sheath faults in buried
cables and conductor faults in aerial cables. The Transmitter provides four
frequencies to accommodate varying factors such as distance, cable type,
or soil conditions. If desired, all four frequencies may be transmitted at
once. The Transmitter also provides a separate Tone function for
identifying cables and pairs. The Receiver provides four locating modes to
accomplish fast or difficult tracing and to pinpoint or verify a conductor.
The Receiver detects 50 or 60 Hz AC Power signals and also measures the
signal current in a cable and displays its magnitude.  The depth of buried
cables or sondes may also be displayed.
Note:  For more detailed locating instructions and advanced locating
techniques, ask your 3M sales representative or call 800/426-8688 for a
free publication called Cable and Pipe Locating Techniques.
INSTALLING OR REPLACING THE BATTERIES
Battery Disposal:  Since regulations vary, consult applicable regulations
or authorities before disposal.
6 C
cells
6 AA
cells
CAUTION!
Do not connect batteries improperly, charge or dispose of in fire.
Batteries may leak or explode and cause personal injury.  Always
remove batteries when storing the units.
Page 2   
						

							INITIAL RECEIVER CONFIGURATION
Display depth units (inches, feet and inches, or centimeters) may be
changed while holding 
 and pressing .  For each press, one of
three units will display. To change the passive Power frequency, press and
hold 
 then press  to toggle between 50 or 60 Hz as displayed in
the lower left corner of the display.
To change the Null bar graph display mode, press and hold 
then
press 
 to toggle between normal Null bar graph display (Null flag will
flash) and inverse Null bar graph display (Null flag is on solid). See section
About Trace Modes (Page 11) for further information.
Page 3
RECEIVER BATTERY TEST
The Receiver batteries are tested for two seconds every time the unit is
turned on. The time interval can be extended by pressing and holding 
.
During the battery test, the bar graph should extend to the right of the
battery level mark, otherwise replace the batteries.
Note:   When batteries are low, the battery test indicator 
 will flash.
Battery Test
Indicator
Battery Level
Mark                   
						

							TRANSMITTER BATTERY TEST
To test the Batteries, press and hold .   Listen to the tone and watch
the display.
• solid tone and OK indicates batteries good;
• beeping tone and LO indicates batteries low;
• no tone and - - indicates replace batteries.
Note:   The battery test indicates battery condition for normal output
levels.  If the unit resets when the high output level is selected, use the
normal output level or replace the batteries.
USING EXTERNAL DC POWER AND 5 WATT OUTPUT
If the unit has the option A, the Transmitter can be operated from an
external 12V DC source as well as its internal batteries.  Use the supplied
cigarette lighter adapter cable to connect the DC power from a vehicles
battery source to the Transmitters external power jack located next to the
output jack.
Note:   The internal batteries will not be recharged with external DC.
5 Watt Output
An external DC source is required for 5 watt output.  To select 5 watt
operation, press 
 once for high output (3W) and again for 5 watt
operation.  The High Output flag will turn on for 3W and flash for 5W.
Page 4       
						

							LOCATING A BURIED CABLE
Transmitter Setup
Note: Key descriptions can be found inside the Transmitter lid.
Perform a battery test and then connect the Transmitter using one of the
three methods below to put tracing signal on a cable.
DANGER!
Voltage greater than 240 volts will damage equipment and cause
personal injury and death.  Make all direct test connections before
turning on the Transmitter.  Then activate the Transmitter in the Ohms
mode and check the display for voltage readings.  Follow standard
procedures for reducing the voltage.
WARNING!
Potential for electrical shock exists when handling connecting cables
while the Transmitter is in the TRACE, FAULT or TONE modes.  Turn
the Transmitter off before handling connecting cables.
Page 5 
						

							Make sure the Transmitter is off. Plug the direct connect cable into the
front panel jack.  Connect the Black clip to the ground rod.  Place the
ground rod in the earth perpendicular to the suspected cable path.  If
necessary, extend the black lead with the Ground Extension Cable.  Next,
remove the ground bonding and attach the Red clip to the shield.
Press         to turn the Transmitter on in the Ohms mode 
.  It will
measure the continuity of the cable under test.  The results are displayed in
ohms and as a tone (solid tone = good ground; beeping tone = usable
ground;  no tone = poor or no ground).
Note:   In the ohms mode, the Transmitter can detect voltage as well as ohms. If a
low voltage is detected, the display will alternate between displaying ohms and
volts. When displaying ohms, the flag over the 
 will be visible.  When displaying
volts, the flag over the 'V' will be visible.  When the voltage magnitude is sufficient
to impair the accuracy of the ohms measurement, only voltage will be displayed. If
the voltage is AC, a sine wave 
 will be visible on the display. If a high AC
voltage is detected, a rapid beeping tone will be heard. Note:   Never attach or remove the direct connect cable from the Transmitter front
panel jack while the red and black clips are connected to a cable.
Direct Connect Method
Page 6           
						

							Press  to select Trace mode.  Press again to select one or all of the
four frequencies. The display will alternate between displaying the
selected frequency and the output signal current. It is best to choose the
lowest frequency for direct connect with far-end ground and a high
frequency for direct connect with no far-end ground.
Press 
 to  select high output level for longer tracing distances and
deep cables.
Transmitter setup is finished, now go to LOCATING A BURIED
CABLE - R
ECEIVER SETUP (Page 10).
Page 7     
						

							Dyna-Coupler Method
Cable Path
Connect the Dyna-Coupler to the Transmitter front panel jack using the
coupler cable.
Clamp the Dyna-Coupler around the cable below any bonds just before the
cable enters the earth. The jaws of the coupler must fully close.
Press  to turn Transmitter on. Press again to select 8 kHz, 33kHz, or
200 kHz.
Select high output level by pressing  .
Transmitter setup is finished, now go to LOCATING A BURIED CABLE
- Receiver Setup (Page 10).
Page 8       
						

							Induction Method
Place the transmitter on the ground over the target cable with the lid hinge
in line with the cable path.  Press 
 to turn the Transmitter on.
Press again to select either 33 kHz or 200 kHz. For greater tracing range,
select high output level by pressing  
.
Note:  If the Receiver is less than 50 feet from the Transmitter, it can pick
up signal through the air.  For best results, keep the Receiver away from
the Transmitter by at least that distance.
Transmitter setup is finished, now go to LOCATING A BURIED CABLE
- R
ECEIVER SETUP (PAGE 10).
Page 9