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Land Rover Defender 99my Owners Handbook Rover

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    							Off-road driving
    178 IMPORTANT INFORMATION
    After driving off-road
    Before rejoining the public highway, or
    driving at speeds above 40 km/h (25
    mph), consideration should be given to
    the following:
    ·Wheels and tyres must be cleaned of
    mud and inspected for damage -
    ensure there are no lumps or bulges
    in the tyres or exposure of the ply or
    cord structure.
    ·Brake discs and calipers should be
    examined and any stones or grit that
    may affect braking efficiency
    removed.
    Servicing requirements
    Vehicles operating in arduous conditions,
    particularly on dusty, muddy, or wet
    terrain, and vehicles undergoing frequent
    or deep wading conditions will require
    more frequent servicing. See Owner
    maintenance and contact a Land Rover
    dealer for advice.
    In addition:
    After wading in salt water or driving on
    sandy beaches, use a hose to thoroughly
    wash the underbody components and any
    exposed body panels with fresh water.
    This will help to protect the vehicles
    cosmetic appearance. 
    						
    							Off-road driving
    179 DRIVING ON SOFT SURFACES & DRY SAND
    The ideal technique for driving on soft ground
    and dry sand, requires the vehicle to be kept
    moving at all times - soft ground and sand
    causes excessive drag on the wheels,
    resulting in a rapid loss of motion once
    driving momentum is lost. For this reason,
    gear changing should be avoided.
    ·Engage the DIFF LOCK.
    ·Select the highest suitable gear and
    REMAIN in that gear until a firm surface is
    reached. It is generally advisable to use
    LOW range gears, as these will enable you
    to accelerate through worsening
    conditions without the risk of being unable
    to restart.
    ·Disengage the DIFF LOCK as soon as firm
    ground is reached.Stopping the vehicle on soft ground, in sand
    or on an incline
    If you do stop your vehicle, remember:
    Starting on an incline or in soft ground or
    sand is almost impossible. Always park on a
    firm level area, or with the vehicle facing
    downhill.
    On vehicles not fitted with Traction control, to
    avoid wheel spin, select second or third gear,
    and use the MINIMUM throttle necessary to
    get the vehicle moving.
    If forward motion is lost, avoid excessive use
    of the throttle - on vehicles not fitted with
    Traction control, this will cause wheel spin
    and tend to dig the vehicle into the sand. Clear
    sand from around the tyres and ensure that
    the chassis and axles are not bearing on the
    sand before again attempting to move.
    If the wheels have sunk, use an air bag lifting
    device or high lift jack to raise the vehicle, and
    then build up sand under the wheels so that
    the vehicle is again on level ground. If a
    restart is still not possible, place sand mats or
    ladders beneath the wheels. 
    						
    							Off-road driving
    180 DRIVING ON SLIPPERY SURFACES
    (ice, snow, mud, wet grass)
    ·With the DIFF LOCK engaged, select the
    highest gear possible.
    ·Drive away using the MINIMUM possible
    throttle opening.
    ·Drive slowly at all times, keeping braking
    to a minimum and avoiding violent
    movements of the steering wheel.
    ·Disengage the DIFF LOCK as soon as a
    non slippery surface is reached.DRIVING ON ROUGH TRACKS
    Although rough tracks can sometimes be
    negotiated in normal drive, it is advisable to
    lock the differential if excessive suspension
    movement is likely to induce wheel spin.
    On very rough tracks, engage LOW range to
    enable a steady, low speed to be maintained
    without constant use of the brake and clutch
    pedals.
    Always disengage the DIFF LOCK when
    smooth, firm ground is reached. 
    						
    							Off-road driving
    181 CLIMBING STEEP SLOPES
    Engage the DIFF LOCK and ALWAYS follow
    the fall line of the slope - travelling diagonally
    could encourage the vehicle to slide broadside
    down the slope.
    Steep climbs will usually require the LOW gear
    range. If the surface is loose or slippery, use
    sufficient speed in the highest practical gear
    to take advantage of the vehicles momentum.
    However, too high a speed over a bumpy
    surface may result in a wheel lifting, causing
    vehicles not fitted with Traction control to lose
    traction. In this case try a slower approach.
    Traction can also be improved by easing off
    the accelerator just before loss of forward
    motion.
    If the vehicle is unable to complete a climb, do
    not attempt to turn it around while on the
    slope. Instead, adopt the following procedure
    to reverse downhill to the foot of the slope:
    1.Hold the vehicle stationary using both foot
    and hand brakes.
    2.Restart the engine if necessary.
    3.Engage reverse gear LOW range.
    4.Release the handbrake. Then release the
    foot brake and clutch simultaneously, and
    allow the vehicle to reverse down the
    slope using engine braking to control the
    rate of descent.5.Unless it is necessary to stop the vehicle
    in order to negotiate obstructions, DO NOT
    apply the brake or clutch pedal during the
    descent.
    6.If the vehicle begins to slide, accelerate
    slightly to allow the tyres to regain grip.
    When the vehicle is back on level ground or
    where traction can be regained, a faster
    approach will probably enable the hill to be
    climbed. However, DO NOT take unnecessary
    risks, if the hill is too difficult to climb, find an
    alternative route.
    WARNING
    The engine must be restarted before
    reversing down the slope, as there will be
    no servo assistance to the brakes unless the
    engine is running. 
    						
    							Off-road driving
    182
    DESCENDING STEEP SLOPES
    A.Stop the vehicle at least a vehicle length
    before the slope and engage first gear
    LOW range with the differential locked.
    B.Unless it is necessary to stop the vehicle
    in order to negotiate obstructions,DO NOT
    touch the brake or clutch pedals during
    the descent - the engine will limit the
    speed, keeping the vehicle under control
    provided the front wheels are turning. If
    the vehicle begins to slide, accelerate
    gently to maintain directional stability - DO
    NOT use the brakes or attempt to change
    gear.C.Once level ground is reached, unlock the
    differential and select a suitable gear for
    the next stage of your journey.
    WARNING
    Failure to follow these instructions may
    cause the vehicle to roll over. 
    						
    							Off-road driving
    183 TRAVERSING A SLOPE
    Before crossing a slope, ALWAYS observe the
    following precautions:
    ·Check that the ground is firm and not
    slippery.
    ·Check that the wheels on the downhill side
    of the vehicle are not likely to drop into
    any depressions in the ground and that the
    uphill wheels will not run over rocks, tree
    roots, or similar obstacles that could
    suddenly increase the angle of tilt.
    ·Ensure that passenger weight is evenly
    distributed, that all roof rack luggage is
    removed and that all other luggage is
    properly secured and stowed as low as
    possible. Always remember; any sudden
    movement of the load could cause the
    vehicle to overturn.
    ·Rear seat passengers should sit on the
    uphill side of the vehicle or, in extreme
    conditions, should vacate the vehicle until
    the sloping ground has been safely
    negotiated.
    NEGOTIATING A V SHAPED GULLY
    Observe extreme caution! Steering up either
    of the gully walls could cause the side of the
    vehicle to be trapped against the opposite
    gully wall.DRIVING IN EXISTING WHEEL TRACKS
    As far as possible allow the vehicle to steer
    itself along the bottom of the ruts. However,
    always keep a light hold of the steering wheel
    to prevent it from spinning free.
    Particularly in wet conditions, if the steering
    wheel is allowed to spin free, the vehicle may
    appear to be driving straight ahead in the ruts,
    but in actual fact (due to the lack of traction
    caused by the wet ground) is unknowingly on
    full right or left lock. Then, when level ground
    is reached, or if a dry patch is encountered,
    the wheels will find traction and cause the
    vehicle to suddenly veer to left or right.
    CROSSING A RIDGE
    Approach at right angles so that both front
    wheels and then both rear wheels cross the
    ridge together - an angled approach could
    cause traction to be lost (if Traction control is
    not fitted) through diagonally opposite wheels
    lifting from the ground at the same time.
    CROSSING A DITCH
    With the DIFF LOCK engaged, cross ditches at
    an angle so that three wheels always maintain
    contact with the ground (if approached head
    on, both front wheels will drop into the ditch
    together, possibly resulting in the chassis and
    front bumper being trapped on opposite sides
    of the ditch). 
    						
    							Off-road driving
    184 WADING
    WARNING
    The maximum advisable wading depth is
    0,5 metre (20 in.).
    Severe electrical damage may occur if the
    vehicle remains stationary for any length of
    time when the water level is above the door
    sills.
    If the water is likely to exceed 0,5 metre (20
    in.) while the vehicle is moving, the following
    precautions MUST be observed:
    ·Fix a plastic sheet in front of the radiator
    grille to prevent water from soaking the
    engine and mud from blocking the
    radiator.
    ·Fit a drain plug to the flywheel housing
    and diesel engine timing cover - Tdi
    engines only (see Owner maintenance).
    ·Ensure that the silt bed beneath the water
    is firm enough to support the vehicles
    weight and provide sufficient traction.
    ·Ensure that the engine air intake is clear of
    the water.
    ·To prevent saturation of the electrical
    system and air intake, avoid excessive
    engine speed.
    ·With the DIFF LOCK engaged, select a low
    gear and maintain sufficient throttle to
    prevent the engine from stalling. This is
    particularly important if the exhaust pipe is
    under water.
    ·Drive slowly into the water and accelerate
    to a speed which causes a bow wave to
    form; then maintain that speed.
    At all times, keep all the doors fully closed.After wading
    ·Drive the vehicle a short distance and
    apply the foot brake to check that the
    brakes are fully effective.
    ·DO NOT rely on the handbrake to hold the
    vehicle stationary until the transmission
    has thoroughly dried out; in the meantime,
    leave the vehicle parked in gear.
    ·Remove the timing cover drain plug
    (where fitted) and also any covering
    material from the front of the radiator
    grille.
    ·If the water was particularly muddy,
    remove any blockages (mud and leaves)
    from the radiator to reduce the risk of
    overheating.
    ·If deep water is regularly negotiated, check
    transmission oils for signs of water
    contamination - contaminated oil can be
    identified through its milky appearance.
    In addition, check the air filter element for
    water ingress, and replace if wet.
    ·Vehicles required to undergo frequent or
    deep wading conditions will require more
    frequent servicing. See Owner
    maintenance and contact a Land Rover
    dealer for advice.
    ·If salt water is frequently negotiated,
    thoroughly wash the underbody
    components and exposed body panels,
    with fresh water. 
    						
    							Index
    185
    A
    ABS 66...........................................................
    Access code 16..............................................
    Accessories 171.............................................
    After sales service 172....................................
    Air cleaner element renewal 137.....................
    Air conditioning 42.........................................
    Air filter 137....................................................
    Air recirculation 44.........................................
    Air vents 39....................................................
    Alarm 13.........................................................
    Anti-freeze 92 & 158.......................................
    Anti-lock brakes 66.........................................
    Anti-theft alarm 13..........................................
    Anti-theft alarm indicator light 14...................
    Anti-theft precautions 4..................................
    Ashtray 44......................................................
    Axle oil renewal 152........................................
    Axle weights 164............................................
    B
    Battery 101.....................................................
    Battery charging 103......................................
    Battery disconnection 20................................
    Blower control 40...........................................
    Bonnet opening 84.........................................
    Booster cables 72...........................................
    Brake fluid check 96.......................................
    Brake fluid specification 158...........................
    Brake pad/disc check 153...............................
    Brake pads 64.................................................
    Brakes 64.......................................................
    Braking system 64..........................................
    Breakdown safety 5........................................
    Bulb replacement 116.....................................
    C
    Capacities 159................................................
    Care products 122..........................................
    Child restraints 26..........................................
    Child-proof locks 12.......................................
    Chocking a wheel 105.....................................
    Cigar lighter 44...............................................
    Cleaning 121...................................................Clock 28.........................................................
    Clutch 59........................................................
    Clutch fluid specification 158..........................
    Clutch fluid top-up 95.....................................
    Cold start control 50.......................................
    Controls 9.......................................................
    Cooling system top-up 91..............................
    Crossing a ditch 183.......................................
    Crossing a ridge 183......................................
    D
    Defrosting 41 & 43..........................................
    Demisting 41 & 43..........................................
    Descending steep slopes 182.........................
    Diesel fuel filter 94..........................................
    Diesel fuel sedimenter 94...............................
    Differential lock 62..........................................
    Dimensions 162.............................................
    Distributor 141...............................................
    Drive belts 142...............................................
    Driving 52.......................................................
    Driving on rough tracks 180...........................
    Driving on slippery surfaces 180....................
    Driving on soft surfaces & dry sand 179........
    Dynamometers (rolling roads) 82.................
    E
    Electrical equipment 171................................
    Electrical system 161......................................
    Emergency starting 72....................................
    Emergency towing 73.....................................
    Emission control system 52...........................
    Engine 160.....................................................
    Engine compartment 86.................................
    Engine data 160..............................................
    Engine immobilisation 15...............................
    Engine oil 89...................................................
    Engine oil (renewal) 132.................................
    Engine oil (used) 83........................................
    Engine oil filter renewal 133............................
    Engine oil top-up 89.......................................
    Engine undertray 129..................................... 
    						
    							Index
    186
    F
    Fan control 40................................................
    Fluid specifications 157..................................
    Fog lights 36...................................................
    Fuel 55............................................................
    Fuel consumption 167....................................
    Fuel economy 53............................................
    Fuel filling 56..................................................
    Fuel filter 94....................................................
    Fuel filter renewal 134....................................
    Fuel gauge 28.................................................
    Fuel safety 56.................................................
    Fuel sedimenter 94.........................................
    Fuel sedimenter cleaning 136.........................
    Fuel tank capacity 159....................................
    Fuses 113.......................................................
    G
    Gearbox 59.....................................................
    Gearbox oil change 150..................................
    Ground clearance 177.....................................
    H
    Handbrake 65.................................................
    Handbrake check 154.....................................
    Handset 13 & 18.............................................
    Handset battery 18.........................................
    Handset resynchronisation 18........................
    Hand throttle 78..............................................
    Hazard warning lights 36................................
    Headlight adjuster 33......................................
    Headlight levelling 33.....................................
    Headlights 32.................................................
    Heated rear window 36...................................
    Heater 39........................................................
    Height (of vehicle) 54.....................................
    High range gears 60.......................................
    High tension leads 140...................................
    Horn 32..........................................................
    HT leads 140..................................................
    I
    Ignition 47......................................................
    Indicators 32..................................................
    Instruments 28...............................................
    Interior lights 44.............................................
    Interior protection 15......................................
    Interior trim 122.............................................
    J
    Jack (bottle type) 107...................................
    Jack (pillar type) 108....................................
    Jack (wheel changing) 107.............................
    Jacking 105....................................................
    Jacking points 108.........................................
    Jump starting 72............................................
    K
    Key access code 16........................................
    Keys 11...........................................................
    L
    Light switches 32...........................................
    Lights 32........................................................
    Load carrying 69............................................
    Locking wheel nuts 111..................................
    Locks 11.........................................................
    Low range gears 60........................................
    Lubricant specifications 157...........................
    M
    Main gearbox oil renewal 150.........................
    Maintenance 3 & 81........................................
    O
    Off-road driving 175.......................................
    Off-road performance 163..............................
    Oil 83..............................................................
    Oil change 132................................................
    Oil filter renewal 133.......................................
    Owner maintenance 81...................................
    P
    Park brake check 154.....................................
    Parts & accessories 171.................................
    Poisonous liquids 83......................................
    Power steering 54..........................................
    Power steering top-up 97...............................
    Power take-off drives 77.................................
    Propeller shaft lubrication 154........................ 
    						
    							Index
    187
    R
    Radiator blind 55............................................
    Rear fog guard lights 36.................................
    Rear seats 22..................................................
    Rear window heater 36...................................
    Rear window wash/wipe 35............................
    Replacement bulbs 161..................................
    Rolling roads (dynamometers) 82..................
    Roof rack 71...................................................
    Running-in 52.................................................
    S
    Safety in the garage 83 & 127.........................
    Safety on the forecourt 56..............................
    Seat belt safety 24..........................................
    Seat belts 24...................................................
    Seats 21.........................................................
    Security 4.......................................................
    Security information card 16..........................
    Sedimenter 94................................................
    Sedimenter cleaning - diesel 136....................
    Service portfolio book 3 & 81..........................
    Service voucher 3...........................................
    Sidelights 32...................................................
    Snow chains 99..............................................
    Spare wheel 105.............................................
    Spare wheel (removing) 106..........................
    Spark plug renewal 140..................................
    Speedometer 28.............................................
    Starter switch 47............................................
    Starting 48......................................................
    Starting with a discharged battery 72.............
    Steam cleaning 121........................................
    Steep slopes 181............................................
    Steering 161...................................................
    Steering lock 47..............................................
    Sunroof 38.....................................................
    Switches 36....................................................
    Switching off 51.............................................
    T
    Taildoor 12.....................................................
    Temperature gauge 28....................................
    Total distance recorder 28..............................Towing 69......................................................
    Towing for recovery 73...................................
    Towing weights 70 & 164...............................
    Traction control 68.........................................
    Trailer socket 71.............................................
    Transfer gearbox 60.......................................
    Transfer gearbox oil renewal 151....................
    Transmission 59.............................................
    Transmission wind-up 63.............................
    Transporter or trailer lashing 75.....................
    Travelling abroad 172.....................................
    Traversing a slope 183...................................
    Trip recorder 28..............................................
    Trip recorder reset button 28..........................
    Tyre sizes and pressures 168.........................
    Tyre wear 98...................................................
    Tyres 98.........................................................
    V
    Vehicle care 121.............................................
    Vehicle height 54............................................
    Vehicle identification number 4.......................
    Vehicle recovery 74........................................
    Vehicle weights 164........................................
    Ventilation 39.................................................
    VIN 4..............................................................
    W
    Wading 184....................................................
    Wading plugs 112..........................................
    Warning labels 3.............................................
    Warning lights 29...........................................
    Warnings 3 & 29.............................................
    Warranty information 3...................................
    Washer 34......................................................
    Washer jet adjustment 100.............................
    Washing your vehicle 121..............................
    Weights 164...................................................
    Wheel changing 105.......................................
    Wheel chocks 105..........................................
    Wheels 99.......................................................
    Wheels & tyres 168........................................
    Winching 76...................................................
    Windows 37................................................... 
    						
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