Vodavi Discovery Ip Techical Guide

							B-2NETWORK CONNECTION
Parts SpecificationsAugust 1999 
						

							Discovery IP Technical Manual August 1999
CGlossary
ABB: Above Board Bus
ADPCM:Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation
AIS:Alarm Indication Signal, usually all ones—F11111111.  Also known as a Blue Alarm 
which signals that an upstream failure has occurred.
Alarms:Red: refer to Loss of Sync. Yellow: Same as Red, but reported from the other side of 
the connection.  Blue: refer to AIS.  Slip: refer to Slip.
AMI:Alternate Mark Inversion.  A line coding format for T-1 lines where the condition of 
the signal alternate between binary positive and binary negative polarity.
ATM:Asynchronous transfer mode.  An international ISDN high-speed, high-volume, 
packet-switching transmission protocol standard.  ATM uses short, uniform, 53-byte cells to 
divide data into efficient, manageable packets for ultrafast switching through a 
high-performance communications network.  The 53-byte cells contain 5-byte destination 
address headers and 48 data bytes.  ATM is the first packet-switched technology designed from 
the ground up to support integrated voice, video, and data communication applications.  It is 
well suited to high-speed WAN transmission bursts.  ATM currently accommodates transmission 
speeds from 64 Kbps to 622 Mbps.  ATM may support gigabit speeds in the future.
B8ZS:Bipolar with eight zero substitution.  A protocol used over T-1 interfaces.  Clear 
channel line coding option on DS-1 service allows the DS-1 user to obtain greater throughput 
and functionality from their DS-1 facilities.  The use of B8ZS allows users to transmit data at a 
rate of 64 Kbps per DS-0, achieving what is referred to as a clear channel.  Applied against all 
24 DS-0s on a DS-1, the effective data throughput of the DS-1 facility is increased with B8ZS 
from 1.344 Mbps to 1.536 Mbps, a 14% increase in throughput.  CSUs with B8ZS support are 
required on both ends of the users circuit.
Baud:Baud (older term being replaced by bps).  The number of signaling elements that can 
be transmitted per second on a circuit.  In an average data stream, one baud is roughly equivalent 
to one bit per second on a digital transmission circuit.
bps:Bits per second.
Bps:Bytes per second.  Each byte contains eight bits.
CCITT:Comité Consultatif Internationale de Télégraphique et Téléphonique (International 
Consultative Committee on Telephones and Telegraphs).  The primary international standards 
body for telecommunications.  CCITT is an advisory committee established under the United 
Nations, within the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), to develop and recommend 
communications standards. 
						

							C-2
GlossaryAugust 1999
Channel Bank:A PCM voice frequency terminal that converts analog channels (and 
associated signaling) into a single T-1 (DS-1) digital circuit. 
Cross Point Switch:A device that assigns different channels to different ports (an 
electronic patch panel).
CSU:Channel Service Unit; manages digital transmission, monitors signals for problems.  
Responds to Central Office commands.  It performs many of the functions that modems do, but 
it does not have to convert digital signals to/from analog, since the end device and the 
underlying transmission facility are both digital.
D4:A data transmission (or superframe) format comprised of 12 frames of 192 bits each.  A 
single 193rd bit is used for link control and error checking.  As an industry standard, D4, also 
known as SF, has been superseded by the Extended Super Frame (ESF) format.  However, 
because ESF is not backward compatible and there continues to be a large installed base of 
channel banks and DS-1 multiplexers that are based upon D4, it is still the default private line 
formatting technique.
DCE:Data Communications equipment;  device designed to connect directly to a network.  
An example of DCE is the common modem that connects to voice grade lines of a telephone 
network.
DS-0:Digital Signal Level 0; the designation given to a digital hierarchy of circuits or 
channels operating at 64 Mbps.
DS-1:Digital Signal Level 1; the designation given to a digital hierarchy of circuits or 
channels operating at 1.544 Mbps (refer to T-1).
DSU:Data Service Unit; a network interface device between the CSU and the customers 
DTE.  Usually associated with a CSU, the DSU has a V.35, RS232, RS449, or other interface to 
the customer equipment.  The DSU is also a multiplexer for FT-1 circuits.
DSX:Digital Signal Cross-connect.
DTE:Data Terminal Equipment; any form of computer, peripheral or terminal that can 
originate or receive data over a communication channel.
ESF:Extended SuperFrame; an enhanced version of D4 formatting, it is the current industry 
standard.  ESF is composed of 24 frames of 192 bits each.  ESF provides 16 signaling states in 
the 193
rd bit to ensure synchronization, supervisory control, and maintenance capabilities.
FDL:Facility Data Link
FSYNC:Frame Sync; is bit-signaling that occurs at the beginning of each frame, or each 
group of 32 channels
FT-1:Fractional T-1; a service that uses a portion of a 24-channel T-1 circuit.  FT-1 allows 
64 Kbps increments from 2-channel 128 Kbps through all 24 channels at 1.544 Mbps.
FXS:Foreign Exchange Station 
						

							C-3
August 1999Glossary
ICV:ISA Communications Voice card.
ISA:Integrated System Architecture; the standard connector used internally for IBM-PC 
clone computers to connect adapter cards to the motherboard.
LAN:Local Area Network; a communications network that provides a high rate of data 
transmission and a low error rate in connecting computer system and terminal devices within a 
department or establishment.  
LOS:Loss of Signal; on a T-1 SmartJack or NIU this LED indicates loss of carrier.
Loss of Sync:Indicates an improper or no signal coming from the other side.  This could 
also be a good indication that the wiring is not properly completed.
MPP:Multi-Protocol Packet Assembler/Disassembler (PAD)
MVIP:Multi-Vendor Integration Protocol; allows multiplexed digital telephony within a 
computer chassis.
NIU:Network Interface Unit; where a T-1 signal is provided to the customer from the telco.
Null Modem:A device that allows DTE to DTE or DCE to DCE communications.
PC:Personal Computer or Printed Circuit (depending on context).
PCM:Pulse Code Modulation; the technique most frequently used to sample and convert 
analog signals to a digital format.  In telephony, the PCM technique converts analog voice to an 
8-bit digital format at an 8 kHz rate, producing an aggregate serial bit stream of 64 kbps.
POTS:Plain Old Telephone Service; refers to a one-party, no frills business or residential 
line.
SF:Superframe (D4); a data transmission format comprised of 12 frames of 192 bits each.  A 
single 193rd bit is used for link control and error checking.  As an industry standard, D4, also 
known as SF, has been superseded by the Extended Super Frame (ESF) format.
Slip:Synchronization of Clocks on digital channel service failed and recovered 
automatically.  This can cause a noisy connection.  High-speed modems will tend to reduce 
throughput or even fail on continued slip conditions.  Frequent or repetitive slips can be caused 
by  improper software settings.
SNA:IBM System Network Architecture; mainframe-centric hierarchical communication 
protocol.
SNMP:Simple Network Management Protocol; recommended by the Internet Engineering 
Task Force, a committee of vendors and academics.  SNMP is designed to manage 
inter-networked LANs and packet switched networks.  It is most commonly employed in TCP/
IP networks.
SMTP:Simple Mail Transfer Protocol; a TCP/IP application utility. 
						

							C-4
GlossaryAugust 1999
T-1:Any transmission line or connection operating at the DS-1 rate of 1.544 Mbps in the 
USA or at the E1 rate of 2.048 Mbps in Europe.
TCP/IP:Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol; a protocol suite developed by the 
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) for use in the U.S. Military ARPANET, 
now in commercial use.  TCP/IP ensures that packets of data are delivered to their destination in 
the sequence in which they were transmitted.  TCP is the Transport Layer protocol and IP is the 
Network Layer protocol in this suite.  TCP/IP is also the delivery mechanism for associated 
services, including SNMP, SMTP, FTP and Telnet.
Telnet:A TCP/IP application utility that provides terminal emulation.
X.25:A CCITT recommendation that defines the interface between DTE and a 
packet-switched network and the service features available when connected to the network.  The 
definition describes the characteristics of the Physical, Data Link and Network Layer 
						

							Discovery IP Technical Manual August 1999
D Country Specific Information
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
FCC Part 15
The components of this equipment have been tested and comply with the limits for a Class A 
digital device according to U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, FCC Rules and 
Regulations Part 15.  Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1. This device may cause harmful interference, and
2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause 
undesired operation. 
						

							D-2 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Country Specific Information August 1999 
						

							Discovery IP Technical Manual August 1999
E Troubleshooting 
Table E-1: Troubleshooting Checklist
Observed Problem Probable Cause Suggested Solution
Calls into the Discovery IP on that 
port(s) are unanswered, OR calls are 
unable to be placed out of that port(s).Phone line  not 
connected to the portCheck connectors and connections. 
Replace connectors/cables if 
necessary.
Calls into the Discovery IP on that 
port(s) are unanswered, OR calls are 
unable to be placed out of that port(s).Bad connector/
connectionCheck connectors and connections. 
Replace connectors/cables if 
necessary.
Calls into Discovery IP on that port(s) 
are unanswered, OR calls are unable to 
be placed out of that port(s).Dvgconfig ports not set 
up with correct DID/
DOD characteristics. Check the dvgconfig setup, and if 
necessary contact the telephone 
company providing the line to check 
on type provisioned.
dvg process does not start properly 
(stops immediately after you attempt to 
start it).dvgconfig ports not set 
up with correct settings 
or in correct quantityCheck port configuration. Any 
change while dvg is running require 
that dvg is stopped/restarted.
dvg does not run properly or smoothly. Discovery IP 
configuration requires 
adjustmentCheck all configuration items in 
dvgconfig. any changes while dvg is 
running require that dvg is stopped/
restarted.
Unable to reach updater ftp site. Network configuration 
is not set up to specify a 
DNS server with 
reverse-DNSGo through network configuration 
process and check that a valid DNS 
IP address is specified. Check also 
that reverse-DNS exists on that 
network connection.
Log shows segmentation fault while 
trying to start up the dvg process.Did not go through 
dvgconfig (saving the 
configuration) before 
restarting Discovery IP 
unit after running 
updaterWhenever running updater, run 
dvgconfig, set additional 
configuration options, save the new 
configuration, reboot the Discovery 
IP, start the Discvoery IP process 
again.
Bad voice quality Network issues: packet 
lossAdjust frames per packet setting in 
dvgconfig.
Bad voice quality Network issues: latency, 
loss of connectionCaller may adjust latency by 
entering ✳
✳✳ ✳3 or ✳
✳✳ ✳4 
						

							E-2
TroubleshootingAugust 1999 
						

							Discovery IP Technical ManualAugust 1999
INDEX
B
Billing
Call Detail Recording
 2-3
C
Call Detail Recording 2-3
Collecting
 6-4
Calling
Instructions
 7-1
CDR
refer to Call Detail Recording
Circuits
Loop Start Trunk
 3-2
Configuration
 5-1, 6-1
Managing Settings
 5-18–5-25
Port
 5-23, 5-24
Port Number
 5-15, 5-16, 5-20
Settings
 5-18
Setup
 5-1
System
 5-19
Web Interface
 5-25
Wizard
 5-3, 5-10, 5-18
Machine Name 5-4
D
Discovery IP
Billing
Call Detail Recording 2-3, 6-4
Calling 2-1, 2-2, 5-9–5-15, 7-1
Routing 2-1
Configuration 5-2, 5-15–5-18, 5-20, 5-23,
5-24, 6-1
Options 5-19
Web Interface
 5-25
Wizard
 5-3, 5-10, 5-18
Connections 5-1
Description
 1-1
Gatekeeper Module
 1-2
Hardware
 4-1, B-1
Requirements 3-2
Installation 3-1
Requirements 3-1, 3-2
Internet Protocol 5-5, 5-8–5-15
Module
Gatekeeper 1-2
Monitoring 6-2
Network
 2-1, 3-1, 3-2
Applications 1-3
Components
 1-2
Operation 6-1
Reboot
 6-8
Setup
 5-4–5-15
Setup/Configuration
 5-1
Software
Updates 6-6, 6-7
System
Configuration 5-1
Troubleshooting E-1
G
Gatekeeper Module 1-2
Glossary
 C-1
I
Installation
Hardware
 4-1
Requirements 3-2
Prerequisites 3-1
Requirements
 3-1
Interface Card
 A-1
Internet Protocol
 1-1
Gateway
 5-5, 5-8–5-15
Telephony Standards
 1-2
IP Address
 5-4
IP Telephony
 1-1