Casio Fx991ms User Guide

							fx-570MS
fx-991MS
CA 310030-001V08
User’s Guide 2
(Additional Functions)
http://world.casio.com/edu_e/E 
						

							CASIO ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.
Unit 6, 1000 North Circular Road,
London NW2 7JD, U.K.
Please keep your manual and all information handy for 
future reference.
Important! 
						

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Contents
Before getting started... .......................... 3
kModes .................................................................... 3
Mathematical Expression Calculations
and Editing Functions ............................ 4
kReplay Copy .......................................................... 4
kCALC Memory ....................................................... 5
kSOLVE Function .................................................... 5
Scientific Function Calculations ............ 6
kInputting Engineering Symbols .............................. 6
Complex Number Calculations .............. 8
kAbsolute Value and Argument Calculation ............. 9
kRectangular Form ↔ Polar Form Display .............. 9
kConjugate of a Complex Number ........................ 10
Base-n Calculations .............................. 10
Statistical Calculations ......................... 12
Normal Distribution .................................................. 12
Differential Calculations ....................... 13
Integration Calculations ....................... 14
Matrix Calculations ............................... 15
kCreating a Matrix ................................................. 15
kEditing the Elements of a Matrix .......................... 16
kMatrix Addition, Subtraction, and Multiplication ... 16
kCalculating the Scalar Product of a Matrix ........... 16
kObtaining the Determinant of a Matrix ................. 17
kTransposing a Matrix ........................................... 17
kInverting a Matrix ................................................. 18
kDetermining the Absolute Value of a Matrix ......... 18 
						

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Vector Calculations ............................... 18
kCreating a Vector ................................................. 19
kEditing Vector Elements ....................................... 19
kAdding and Subtracting Vectors .......................... 19
kCalculating the Scalar Product of a Vector .......... 20
kCalculating the Inner Product of Two Vectors ...... 20
kCalculating the Outer Product of Two Vectors ..... 21
kDetermining the Absolute Value of a Vector ........ 21
Metric Conversions ............................... 22
Scientific Constants .............................. 23
Power Supply ........................................ 25
Specifications ........................................ 27
See the “fx-95MS/fx-100MS/fx-115MS/fx-570MS/fx-991MS
User’s Guide” for details about the following items.
Removing and Replacing the Calculator’s Cover
Safety Precautions
Handling Precautions
Two-line Display
Before getting started...  (except for “Modes”)
Basic Calculations
Memory Calculations
Scientific Function Calculations
Equation Calculations
Statistical Calculations
Te c h nical Information 
						

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Before getting started...
kModes
Before starting a calculation, you must first enter the correct
mode as indicated in the table below.
• The following table shows the modes and required
operations for the fx-570MS and fx-991MS.
fx-570MS and fx-991MS Modes
• Pressing the F key more than three times displays
additional setup screens. Setup screens are described
where they are actually used to change the calculator
setup.
• In this manual, the name of the mode you need to enter
in order to perform the calculations being described is
indicated in the main title of each section.
Example:
To perform this type ofPerform thisTo entercalculation: key operation: this mode:
Basic arithmetic
F 1COMPcalculations
Complex number
F 2CMPLXcalculationsStandard deviationF F 1SDRegression calculationsF F 2REGBase-n calculationsF F 3BASE
Solution of equationsF F F 1EQNMatrix calculationsF F F 2MAT
Vector calculations
F F F 3VCT
CMPLXComplex Number
Calculations
Note!• To return the calculation mode and setup to the initial
defaults shown below, press A B 2(Mode) =.
Calculation Mode: COMP
Angle Unit: Deg
Exponential Display Format: Norm 1, Eng OFF
Complex Number Display Format:
a+biFraction Display Format: ab/cDecimal Point Character: Dot 
						

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•Mode indicators appear in the upper part of the display,
except for the BASE indicators, which appear in the
exponent part of the display.
•Engineering symbols are automatically turned off while
the calculator is the BASE Mode.
•You cannot make changes to the angle unit or other
display format (Disp) settings while the calculator is in
the BASE Mode.
•The COMP, CMPLX, SD, and REG modes can be used
in combination with the angle unit settings.
•Be sure to check the current calculation mode (SD, REG,
COMP, CMPLX) and angle unit setting (Deg, Rad, Gra)
before beginning a calculation.
Mathematical Expression
Calculations and Editing
Functions
Use the F key to enter the COMP Mode when you
want to perform mathematical expression calculations
or edit expressions.
COMP............................................................  
F 1
kReplay Copy
Replay copy lets you recall multiple expressions from replay
so they are connected as a multi-statement on the screen.
•Example:
Replay memory contents:
1 + 1
2 + 2
3 + 3
4 + 4
5 + 5
6 + 6
Multi-statement: 4 + 4:5 + 5:6 + 6
Use 
[ and ] to display the expression 4 + 4.
Press 
A [(COPY).
•You can also edit expressions on the display and per-
form other multi-statement operations. For more details
COMP 
						

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COMPCMPLX
about using multi-statements, see “Multi-statements” in
the separate “User’s Guide.”
•Only the expressions in replay memory starting from the
currently displayed expression and continuing to the last
expression are copied. Anything before the displayed
expression is not copied.
kCALC Memory
•CALC memory lets you temporarily store a mathematical
expression that you need to perform a number of times
using different values. Once you store an expression,
you can recall it, input values for its variables, and
calculate a result quickly and easily.
•You can store a single mathematical expression, with up
to 79 steps. Note that CALC memory can be used in the
COMP Mode and CMPLX Mode only.
•The variable input screen shows the values currently
assigned to the variables.
•Example: Calculate the result for Y = X
2 + 3X – 12
when X = 7 (Result: 58), and when X = 8 (Result: 76).
(Input the function.)p y p u p x K + 3 p x , 12(Store the expression.)C
(Input 7 for X? prompt.)7 =
(Input 8 for X? prompt.)C 8 =
•Note that the expression you store is cleared whenever
you start another operation, change to another mode, or
turn off the calculator.
kSOLVE Function
The SOLVE function lets you solve an expression using
variable values you want, without the need to transform or
simply the expression.
•Example: C is the time it would take for an object thrown
straight up with initial velocity A to reach height B.
Use the formula below to calculate initial velocity A for a
height of B = 14 meters and a time of C = 2 seconds.
Gravitational acceleration is D = 9.8 m/s
2.
(Result: A  = 16.8) 
						

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COMP
1
2 B 
 AC –       DC2
p 2 p u p 1 - p k ,
R 1 \ 2 T - p h - p k K
A I(B?)14 =(A?)](C?)2 =(D?)9 l 8 =
[ [(A?)A I
•Since the SOLVE function uses Newton’s Method, cer-
tain initial values (assumed values) can make it impos-
sible to obtain solutions. In this case, try inputting an-
other value that you assume to be near the solution and
perform the calculation again.
•The SOLVE function may be unable to obtain a solution,
even though a solution exists.
•Due to certain idiosyncrasies of Newton’s method, solu-
tions for the following types of functions tend to be diffi-
cult to calculate.
Periodic functions (i.e. 
y = sin x)
Functions whose graph produce sharp slopes (i.e. y =ex, y = 1/x)
Discontinuous functions (i.e. y =   x )
•If an expression does not include an equals sign (=), the
SOLVE function produces a solution for expression = 0.
Scientific Function
Calculations
Use the F key to enter the COMP Mode when you
want to perform scientific function calculations.
COMP............................................................  
F 1
kInputting Engineering Symbols
•Turning on engineering symbols makes it possible for
you to use engineering symbols inside your calculations.
COMPEQNCMPLX 
						

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To input this symbol:Perform this key operation:Unit
k (kilo)
A k103
M (Mega)A M106
G (Giga)A g109
T (Tera)A t1012
m (milli)A m10–3
µ (micro)A N10–6
n (nano)A n10–9
p (pico)A p10–12
f (femto)A f10–15
1Disp 
•Press 1. On the engineering symbol setting screen that
appears, press the number key ( 1 or 2) that corre-
sponds to the setting you want to use.
1(Eng ON): Engineering symbols on (indicated by
“Eng” on the display)
2(Eng OFF):Engineering symbols off (no “Eng”
indicator)
•The following are the nine symbols that can be used
when engineering symbols are turned on. •To turn engineering symbols on and off, press the 
Fkey a number of times until you reach the setup screen
shown below.
•For displayed values, the calculator selects the engineer-
ing symbol that makes the numeric part of the value fall
within the range of 1 to 1000.
•Engineering symbols cannot be used when inputting frac-
tions.
•Example:  9 10 = 0.9 m (milli)
F ..... 
1(Disp)
 1 0.Eng
9 \ 10 = 900.9 
1              m
When engineering symbols are turned on, even standard (non-engineering)
calculation results are displayed using engineering symbols. 
						

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CMPLX
A P 0.9
J 900.9 
1              m
Complex Number
Calculations
Use the F key to enter the CMPLX Mode when you
want to perform calculations that include complex
numbers.
CMPLX ...........................................................  
F 2
•The current angle unit setting (Deg, Rad, Gra) affects
CMPLX Mode calculations. You can store an expres-
sion in CALC memory while in the CMPLX Mode.
•Note that you can use variables A, B, C, and M only in
the CMPLX Mode. Variables D, E, F, X, and Y are used
by the calculator, which frequently changes their values.
You should not use these variables in your expressions.
•The indicator “R↔I” in the upper right corner of a
calculation result display indicates a complex number
result. Press 
A r to toggle the display between the
real part and imaginary part of the result.
•You can use the replay function in the CMPLX Mode.
Since complex numbers are stored in replay memory in
the CMPLX Mode, however, more memory than normal
is used up.
•Example: (23
i)(45i) 
 68i
(Real part 6)2 + 3 i + 4 + 5 i =
(Imaginary part 8i)A r