Casio Fx991ms User Guide

							E-19 Use the 
F key to enter the VCT Mode when you want
to perform vector calculations.
VCT.....................................................
F F F 3
Note that you must create one or more vector before you
can perform vector calculations.
•You can have up to three vectors, named A, B, and C, in
memory at one time.
•The results of vector calculations are stored automatically
into VctAns memory. You can use the matrix in VctAns
memory in subsequent vector calculations.
kCreating a Vector
To  c reate a vector, press A
 z
 1 (Dim), specify a vec-
tor name (A, B, or C), and then specify the dimensions of
the vector. Next, follow the prompts that appear input val-
ues that make up the elements of the vector.
                 0.
Vc t A1
Vector name Dimensions of vector
Element valueArrow indicates 
direction you should 
scroll to view other 
elements.
You can use the e and r keys to move about the vec-
tor in order to view or edit its elements.
To exit the vector screen, press 
t.
kEditing Vector Elements
Press A
 z
 2(Edit) and then specify the name (A, B,
C) of the vector you want to edit to display a screen for
editing the elements of the vector.
kAdding and Subtracting Vectors
Use the procedures described below to add and subtract
vectors. 
						

							E-20 •Example: To add Vector A = (1 – 2 3) to Vector B = (4 5
–6). (Result: 
(5 3 –3))
(3-dimensional Vector A)A
 z
 1(Dim)
 1(A)
 3 =
(Element input)1 =
 D 2 =
 3 = t
(3-dimensional Vector B)A
 z
 1(Dim)
 2(B)
 3 =
(Element input)4 =
 5 =
 D 6 = t
(VctA + VctB)A
 z
 3(Vct)
 1(A)
 +
A
 z
 3(Vct)
 2(B)
 =
• An error occurs in the above procedure if you specify
vectors of different dimensions.
kCalculating the Scalar Product of
a Vector
Use the procedure shown below to obtain the scalar
product (fixed multiple) of a vector.
•Example: To multiply Vector C = (–7. 8  9) by 5.
(Result:
 (–39 45))
(2-dimensional Vector C)A
 z
 1(Dim)
 3(C)
 2 =
(Element input)D 7 l 8 =
 9 = t
(5
VctC)5 - A
 z
 3(Vct)
 3(C)
 =
kCalculating the Inner Product of
TwoVectors
Use the procedure described below to obtain the inner
product (⋅) for two vectors.
•Example: To calculate the inner product of Vector A and
Vector B (Result:
 – 24 )
(VctA⋅VctB)A
 z
 3(Vct)
 1(A)A
 z r 1(Dot)A
 z
 3(Vct)
 2(B)
 =
• An error occurs in the above procedure if you specify
vectors of different dimensions. 
						

							E-21
kCalculating the Outer Product of
Two Vectors
Use the procedure described below to obtain the outer
product for two vectors.
•Example: To  c alculate the outer product of Vector A and
Vector B (Result: 
(– 3, 18, 13))
(VctA
VctB)A
 z
 3(Vct)
 1(A) -
A
 z
 3(Vct)
 2(B) =
• An error occurs in the above procedure if you specify
vectors of different dimensions.
kDetermining the Absolute Value of
a Vector
Use the procedure shown below to obtain the absolute
value (size) of a vector.
•Example: To determine the absolute value of Vector C
(Result:
 11.90965994)
(AbsVctC)A
 A
 A z
 3(Vct)
 3(C)
 =
•Example: To determine the size of the angle (angle unit:
Deg) formed by vectors A = (–1 0 1) and B = (1 2 0), and
the size 1 vector perpendicular to both A and B.
(Result:
 108.4349488°)
cos 
             , which becomes  
  cos
–1
Size 1 vector perpendicular to both A and B 
(3-dimensional Vector A)A
 z
 1(Dim)
 1(A)
 3 =
(Element input)D 1 =
 0 =
 1 = t
(3-dimensional Vector B)A
 z
 1(Dim)
 2(B)
 3 =
(Element input)1 =
 2 =
 0 = t
(VctA⋅VctB)A
 z
 3(Vct)
 1(A)
 A
 z r 1(Dot)A
 z
 3(Vct)
 2(B)
 =
(A⋅B)
A  B
A 
 B
A 
 B
(A⋅B)
A  B 
						

							E-22
COMP
(Ans(AbsVctA
AbsVctB))\
 R A
 A
 A
 z
 3(Vct)
 1(A)
-
 A
 A
 A
 z 3(Vct)
 2(B)
 T =
(cos–1Ans) (Result: 108.4349488°)A
 V
 g =
(VctA
VctB)A
 z
 3(Vct)
 1(A)
 -
A
 z
 3(Vct)
 2(B)
 =
(AbsVctAns)A
 A
 A
 z
 3(Vct)
 4(Ans)
 =
(VctAnsAns)
(Result: (–0.666666666  0.333333333   – 0.666666666 ))A
 z
 3(Vct)
 4(Ans)
 \
 g =
Metric Conversions
Use the F key to enter the COMP Mode when you
want to perform metric conversions.
COMP............................................................
F 1
• A total of 20 different conversion pairs are built-in to
provide quick and easy conversion to and from metric
units.
• See the Conversion Pair Table for a complete list of
available conversion pairs.
•When inputting a negative value, enclose it within pa-
rentheses 
R, T.
•Example: To convert –31 degrees Celsius to Fahrenheit
R D 31 T A c 38 = – 23.8(
 –31)
 °C   °F
38 is the Celsius-to-Fahrenheit conversion pair number. 
						

							E-23
COMP
u Conversion Pair Table
Based on NIST Special Publication 811 (1995).
Scientific Constants
Use the F key to enter the COMP Mode when you
want to perform calculations using scientific constants.
COMP............................................................
F 1
•A total of 40 commonly-used scientific constants, such
as the speed of light in a vacuum and Planck’s constant
are built-in for quick and easy lookup whenever you need
them.
in → cm 01
cm → in 02
ft → m03
m → ft 04
yd → m05
m → yd 06
mile → km 07
km → mile 08
n mile → m09
m → n mile 10
acre → m
211
m2 → acre 12
gal (US) →
r rr r
r13
r rr r
r → gal (US) 14
gal (UK) →
r rr r
r15
r rr r
r → gal (UK) 16
pc → km 17
km → pc 18
km/h → m/s 19
m/s → km/h 20oz → g21
g → oz 22
lb → kg 23
kg → lb 24
atm → Pa 25
Pa → atm 26
mmHg → Pa 27
Pa → mmHg 28
hp → kW 29
kW → hp 30
kgf/cm
2→ Pa 31
Pa → kgf/cm232
kgf•m → J33
J → kgf•m 34
lbf/in
2 → kPa 35
kPa → lbf/in236
°F → °C37
C → °F38
J → cal 39
cal → J40
To  p erformInput thisTo  p erformInput thisthis conversion:
pair number:this conversion:
pair number: 
						

							E-24 •Simply input the number that corresponds to the scientific
constant you want to look up and it appears instantly on
the display.
•See the Scientific Constant Table for a complete list of
available constants.
•Example: To determine how much total energy a person
weighing 65kg has (E = mc
2 = 5.841908662 × 1018)
65 
L 28 K =65 Co 2 5.84190866218
28 is the “speed of light in vacuum” constant number.
u Scientific Constant Table
Based on ISO Standard (1992) data and CODATA recom-
mended values (1998).
To select this constant:Input this scientificconstant number:proton mass (mp) 01neutron mass (mn) 02electron mass (me) 03muon mass (mµ)04Bohr radius (a0)05Planck constant (h) 06nuclear magneton (µN) 07Bohr magneton (µ B) 08Planck constant, rationalized ()09fine-structure constant (α)10classical electron radius (re) 11Compton wavelength (λ c) 12proton gyromagnetic ratio (γ p) 13proton Compton wavelength (λ cp) 14neutron Compton wavelength (λ cn) 15Rydberg constant (R∞)16atomic mass unit (u) 17proton magnetic moment (µ p) 18electron magnetic moment (µ e) 19neutron magnetic moment (µ n) 20muon magnetic moment (µ µ )21Faraday constant (F) 22elementary charge (e) 23Avogadro constant (NA) 24
Boltzmann constant (k) 25 
						

							E-25
To select this constant:Input this scientificconstant number:molar volume of ideal gas (Vm) 26molar gas constant (R) 27speed of light in vacuum (C 0)28first radiation constant (C 1)29second radiation constant (C 2)30Stefan-Boltzmann constant (σ)31electric constant (ε 0)32magnetic constant (µ  0)33magnetic flux quantum (φ   0)34standard acceleration of gravity (g) 35conductance quantum (G 0)36characteristic impedance of vacuum (Z 0)37Celsius temperature (t)38Newtonian constant of gravitation (G) 39
standard atmosphere (atm) 40
Power Supply
The type of battery you should use depends on the model
number of your calculator.
fx-991MSThe TWO WAY POWER system actually has two power
supplies: a solar cell and a G13 Type (LR44) button battery.
Normally, calculators equipped with a solar cell alone can
operate only when relatively bright light is present. The
TWO WAY POWER system, however, lets you continue
to use the calculator as long as there is enough light to
read the display.
•Replacing the Battery
Either of the following symptoms indicates battery power
is low, and that the battery should be replaced.
•Display figures are dim and difficult to read in areas
where there is little light available.
•Nothing appears on the display when you press the
5 key. 
						

							E-26
u To replace the battery
1Remove the five screws that
hold the back cover in place
and then remove the back
cover.
2Remove the old battery.
3Wipe off the sides of new
battery with a dry, soft cloth.
Load it into the unit with the
positive 
k side facing up (so
you can see it).
4Replace the back cover and secure it in place with the
five screws.
5Press 
5 to turn power on. Be sure not to skip this
step.
fx-570MSThis calculator is powered by single G13 Type (LR44)
button battery.
•Replacing the Battery
Dim figures on the display of the calculator indicate that
battery power is low. Continued use of the calculator
when the battery is low can result in improper operation.
Replace the battery as soon as possible when display
figures become dim.
• To replace the battery
1Press A i to turn off power.
2Remove the screw that holds
the battery cover in place and
then remove the battery cover.
3Remove the old battery.
4Wipe off the sides of new
battery with a dry, soft cloth.
Load it into the unit with the
positive 
k  side facing up (so
you can see it).
Screw Screw
Screw 
						

							E-27
5Replace the battery cover and secure it in place with
the screw.
6Press 
5 to turn power on.
Auto Power Off
Calculator power automatically turns off if you do not
perform any operation for about six minutes. When this
happens, press 
5 to turn power back on.
Specifications
Power Supply:
fx-570MS:Single G13 Type button battery (LR44)
fx-991MS:Solar cell and a single G13 Type button
battery (LR44)
Battery Life:
fx-570MS:Approximately 9,000 hours continuous
display of flashing cursor.
Approximately 3 years when left with power
turned off.
fx-991MS:Approximately 3 years (1 hour use per day).
Dimensions:12.7 (H) 

 78 (W) 
 154.5 (D) mm1/2
 (H) 
 31/16
 (W) 
 61/16
 (D)
Weight:105 g (3.7 oz) including battery
Power Consumption: 0.0002 W
Operating Temperature: 0°C to 40°C (32°F to 104°F) 
						

							SA0403-F  Printed in China
CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan