Kyocera FS 1028DP User Manual

							Path Mode Graphics
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Two Lines 
The preceding example illustrated construction of a path between points specified in 
terms of absolute coordinates. The following program draws two lines, using both abso-
lute coordinate specification and a new method: relative coordinate specification. 
!R! RES; NEWP;
PMZP 1, 1;
PDZP 2, 3;
PMRP .5, -1;
PDRP -1, -1;
SPD 0.04;
STRK;
PAGE;
EXIT; 
Figure 2. 15.  Drawing Two Lines   
The first four lines of this program are  identical to the preceding example. Line 1 
switches the printing system to the PRESCRIBE mode and resets printing system param-
eters, line 2 empties the current path, and lin es 3 and 4 draw a line between two points 
that are specified in terms  of absolute coordinates. 
On line 5, the PMRP (Path, Move to Relative  Position) command moves the cursor to the 
point half an inch to the right and one inch above the current cursor position; that is, the 
point at which the first line ends. Then the PDRP (Path, Draw to Relative Position) com-
mand on line 6 draws a line to the point 1 inch to the left of the new position and 1 inch 
below it. 
The line thickness is changed to 0.04 inches by the SPD command on line 7. 
Finally, the STRK command on line 8 strokes the path onto the page, PAGE prints out 
the page, and EXIT ends the PRESCRIBE mode. 
(1, 1)
(2, 3)(0.5, -1)
(-1, -1)
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							Chapter 2 Graphics Tutorial
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Line Ends 
The line end type determines how PRESCRIBE renders the ends of lines when they are 
stroked onto the page. PRESCRIBE provides three kinds of line ends. These include: 
Figure 2. 16.  Line Ends 
The default line end type is butt caps. You can  switch from the current line end type to 
any of the other types with the SCAP command. This command uses the following for-
mat: 
SCAP line-cap mode ; 
Va l u e s  f o r   line-cap mode  include: 
1 (for square caps)
2 (for butt caps)
3 (for round caps) 
Use of this command is illustrated in the following example. 
!R! RES; UNIT C; CMNT Sets unit to cm;
NEWP; CMNT Starts new path;
SPD .5; CMNT Sets line width to .5 cm;
SCAP 1; CMNT Sets square caps;
PMZP 2, 2;
PDZP 4, 4;
SCAP 3; CMNT Sets round caps;
STRK;
PAGE;
EXIT; 
Figure 2. 17.  Printout of SCAP Example   
Note that the line is rendered with round caps, rather than with square ones. Although 
square caps is set before constructing the path, the line type is changed to round prior to 
Square caps
Butt caps
Round caps 
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							Path Mode Graphics
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stroking the path. PRESCRIBE refers to the line cap type when the current path is 
stroked onto the page, rather than while the pa th is being constructed. Therefore, the pro-
gram above renders the line with round caps rather than square ones. 
Line Joins 
When a path consists of multiple connected  line segments, the manner in which they are 
stroked onto the page depends on the current  line join type. 
PRESCRIBE provides four types of  line joins. These are called beveled, mitered, round, 
and  notched. These are illustrated below. 
Figure 2. 18.  Joins 
The default line join type is beveled. With beveled joins, connected line segments end 
with butt caps, and the notch at the larger an gle between the segments is filled with a tri-
angle. 
With mitered joins, the edges of connected li ne segments are extended until they meet. 
This type of join is limited by the  miter limit (explained below). 
With round joins, connected line segm ents are joined with circular caps. 
Notched joins leave a notch at the larger  angle between the connected line segments. 
You can switch from the current line join type to any of the other types with the SLJN 
(Set Line JoiN) command. This command uses the following format:  SLJN line-join mode ; 
Values for  line-join mode  include: 
1 (for beveled joins)
2 (for mitered joins)
3 (for round joins)
4 (for notched joins) 
Miter Limit 
When using mitered line joins, the use of such joins is limited by the  miter limit. The 
miter limit is the maximum ratio of the distance  l between the inner and outer corners of 
a mitered join and the width  w of the lines joined. 
Beveled join Mitered join
Round join
Notched join 
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							Chapter 2 Graphics Tutorial
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Figure 2. 19.  Miter Limit 
Miter limit = maximum ratio of 
L/w = 1/sin (a/2)
If the angle at which lines join is such that th is limit is exceeded, the lines are joined with 
a beveled join, rather than a mitered one. 
The purpose of the miter limit is to prevent objectionably long spikes when lines join at 
small angles. The default miter limit is 10, which results in beveled joins at angles of less 
than about 11.5 degrees. 
You can set any desired miter limit with the  SMLT (Set Miter LimiT) command. This 
command has the following format.
SMLT limit-value ; 
Here are some representative  limit-values and the corresponding angles at which the line 
join type switches between mitered and beveled. 
Dash Type 
By default, the STRK command strokes paths with solid lines. However, you can also 
use a predefined pattern of alte rnating black and white to stroke paths. This makes it pos-
sible to stroke paths as dashed lines. You can  also define your own dashed line patterns. 
The DPAT (select Dash PATter n) command selects one of PRESCRIBE’s ten predefined 
dash patterns, or one of 10 dash patterns  that you can define yourself. This command 
uses the format: 
DPAT pattern-number ; 
limit-value appox. angle
260
339
429
523
619
716
814
913
W
L
W = line width
L = miter length 
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The following program illustrates use of this command. 
!R! RES;UNIT C; CMNT Sets unit to cm;
NEWP; CMNT Starts new path;
SPD .5; CMNT Sets line width to .5 cm;
PMZP 2, 2;
PDZP 4, 4;
DPAT 5;
STRK;
PAGE;
EXIT; 
Figure 2. 20.  Printout of the DPAT Example   
In this program, the DPAT command selects the dash pattern with which the line is 
stroked. 
Predefined dash patterns are  selected by specifying values  from 1 to 10 for pattern-num-
ber. (A value of 1 specifies solid lines.) User -defined patterns can be selected by specify-
ing values from 11 to 20. The next section explains how to use the SDP (Store Dash 
Pattern) command to define your own dash patterns. Specifying an undefined user pat-
tern number results in solid black lines. 
User Defined Dash Patterns 
Using the SDP command, you can define your own dashed patterns for use in stroking 
lines, arcs, and curves. S ee the following example:
!R! RES; UNIT P;
SDP 11, 2, 2, 5, 2;
UNIT C; CMNT Sets unit to cm;
NEWP; CMNT Starts new path;
SPD .5; CMNT Sets line width to .5 cm;
PMZP 2, 2;
PDZP 4, 4;
DPAT 11;
STRK;
PAGE;
EXIT; 
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Figure 2. 21.  Printout of the SDP Example   
The SDP command on line 3 defines a dashed pattern consisting of two lengths of black, 
two lengths of white, five lengths of black, and two lengths of white. On line 11, the 
DPAT command selects this pattern for stroking. The path defined by the PMZP (Path, 
Move to Zero-relative Position) and PDZP (Path, Draw to Zero-relative Position) com-
mands is stroked using this pattern, with a result as shown in the figure above. 
The SDP command uses the general format: 
SDP pattern-number , dash1,  space1, dash2 , space2 , ...,  dash10 , space10 ; 
The value specified for  pattern-number must be in the range from 11 to 20. Dash and 
space lengths are specified in pa irs. Up to ten dash-space pairs can be specified. The dash 
length always comes first in each pair. If a patte rn is to begin with a space, then specify 0 
for  dash1 . However, if a pattern ends  with a dash, the following space parameter can be 
omitted. 
Dash patterns defined with this command remain valid until redefined with another SDP 
command, or until the printing system is turned off. 
Drawing Arcs and Curves 
A path can include curves as well as lin es. The PARC (Path, draw ARC) and PCRP 
(Path, Curve to Relative Position) commands  make it possible to draw circular arcs and 
arcs of more complex form. 
The PARC command uses the format: 
PARC x , y, radius , ang1, ang2; 
where  x and  y describe the zero-relative coordi nates of the center of the arc, radius 
describes the radius of the arc,  ang1 describes the arc’s starting angle, and  ang2 
describes the arc’s ending an gle. Coordinates and radius are measured in the unit cur-
rently designated by the UNIT command,  and the starting and ending angles are mea-
sured clockwise from the positive  x axis. 
The PARC command draws a line between the  cursor position and the beginning of the 
arc. See the following example: 
!R! RES; UNIT C; NEWP; SPD .1; PMZP 5, 5;
PARC 5, 5, 3, 45, 135;
STRK;
PAGE;
EXIT; 
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							Path Mode Graphics
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Figure 2. 22.  Printout of the PARC Example   
After the arc is drawn, the cursor is located at the end of the arc. 
If you wish to eliminate the st raight line segment in the above example, leaving only the 
arc, the cursor position must be moved in advance to the position at which drawing of the 
arc begins. This is shown in the following example, in which the cursor is moved to the 
coordinates as specified by the PMRA (Pat h, Move to Relative position specified by 
Angle) command prior to drawing the arc.
!R! RES UNIT C; NEWP; SPD .1; PMRA 5, 5, 3, 45;
PARC 5, 5, 3, 45, 135;
STRK;
PAGE;
EXIT; 
In this current example, the PMRA command  moves the cursor from coordinates 5, 5, as 
measured from the left and top edge limits of the page, through the distance of 3 centi-
meters at the angle of 45 degrees from the  positive x axis. At this point, the PARC com-
mand starts to draw the arc which  ends at the angle of 135 degrees. 
Figure 2. 23.  Printout of the PMRA Example   
Circles can be constructed by drawing arcs wi th angular extents of 360 degrees. To draw 
a circle, you will also need a PMRA command to eliminate the line extending from the 
center of the circle to the beginning of  the circle. See the following example:
!R! RES; UNIT C; NEWP; SPD .1; PMRA 3, 3, 1.5, 0;
PARC 3, 3, 1.5, 0, 360;
STRK;
PAGE;
EXIT; 
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Figure 2. 24.  Printout of a Circle Made with PMRA 
  
Drawing Complex Curves 
PRESCRIBE also provides a second curve-dr awing operator for constructing complex 
curves that are referred to as  Bézier curve segments. The PCRP (Path, Curve to Relative 
Position) uses the following format.
PCRP x1 , y1, x2, y2 , x3, y3; 
Figure 2. 25.  Bézier Curves 
A Bézier curve segment is one that is geomet rically defined by a starting point (the cur-
sor’s current position), two control points ( x1, y1 and x2, y2 ), and an ending point ( x3, 
y3 ). Coordinates of each of these points are speci fied as an offset from the cursor’s previ-
ous position. 
x1, y1
x2, y2
x1, y1
x1, y1
x2, y2
x2, y2 x3, y3
x3, y3
Current position
Current position
Current position
x3, y3
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The curve leaves the current position in the direction of x1, y1, and is tangent to the line 
between the current position and  x1, y1. It bends towards  x2, y2, then to  x3, y3, and at the 
end point, is tangent to the line between x2, y2 and x3, y3. The curve is always entirely 
enclosed by the complex quadrilateral defined by the starting point,  x1, y1, x2, y2, and 
x3, y3.  
See the following examples: 
!R! RES; UNIT C; NEWP; SPD .1; PMZP 3, 3;
PCRP 4, 2, 5, 1.5, 6, 1.8;
STRK;
PAGE;
EXIT; 
Figure 2. 26.  Printout of the PCRP Example   
!R! RES; UNIT C; NEWP; SPD .1; PMZP 3, 3;
PCRP 5.5, 1.5, 1.5, 5.5, 7, 7;
STRK;
PAGE;
EXIT; 
Figure 2. 27.  Second PCRP Example   
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!R! RES; UNIT C; NEWP; SPD .1;PMZP 3, 4;
PCRP 4, 2, 5, 4, 6, 2;
STRK;
PAGE;
EXIT; 
Figure 2. 28.  Third PCRP Example   
Setting the Flatness of Curves 
When PRESCRIBE renders any curve, it actuall y converts the curve to a series of con-
nected straight line segments. The length of these line segments is referred to as a curve’s 
flatness . You can change the degree of flatness  with the FLAT (set FLATness) command. 
The default flatness is 1 (dot). Setting smaller values of flatness results in smoother 
curves, but more time is required for computing the larger number of line segments 
involved. (The difference is not  noticeable for a single curve, but can be substantial in 
highly complex pages. Also, the difference is more noticeable with lower print resolu-
tions [for example, 300 dpi resolution].) 
The following programs illustrate the results of setting the flatness to higher values. 
!R! RES; UNIT C; NEWP; SPD .1; FLAT 30;
PMZP 5, 5;
PCRP 4, 2, 5, 4, 4, 0;
STRK;
PAGE;
EXIT; 
Figure 2. 29.  Curve with Flatness 30   
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