Land Rover Anti Lock Control Traction Control Rover Manual
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TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM (TPMS) Tire Pressure Monitoring System - Component Location Wheels and TiresLesson 2 – Chassis 37Technical Training (G421048)
Initiator1 Tire pressure sensor2 Instrument cluster3 TPMS module4 TPMS switch (Not available on NAS vehicles)5 The purpose of the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is to assist the driver in maintaining the vehicle’s tire pressures at the optimum level in order to: •improve fuel consumption •maintain ride and handling characteristics •reduce the risk of rapid tire deflation – which may be caused by under inflated tires •comply with legislation in relevant markets. The TPMS measures the pressure in each of the tires on the vehicle (including the spare, if required) and issues warnings to the driver if any of the pressures deviate from defined tolerances. NOTE: During a ‘blow out’ a very rapid reduction in pressure is experienced. The system is not intended to warn the driver of a ‘blow out’, since it is not possible to give the driver sufficient warning that such an event is occurring, due to its short duration. The design of the TPMS is to assist the driver in keeping the tires at the correct pressure, which will tend to reduce the likelihood of a tire ‘blow out’ occurring. A single TPMS hardware configuration is used. Two levels of instrument cluster are available; ‘low-line’ with two warning indicator LEDs and ‘high-line’ with text message center display and one warning indicator LED. A TPMS fitted with a high-line instrument cluster provides the driver with additional functionality of the identification of tire position on the vehicle and a more sophisticated driver interface. TPMS Module (G421048) Technical Training38 Lesson 2 – ChassisWheels and Tires
The TPMS module is located above the headlining of the vehicle, mounted directly to the central roof cross-beam, behind the sunroof. The module is retained in position with two screws which secure into weldnuts on the cross beam. The three connectors of the module point towards the front of the vehicle. The TPMS module’s main function is to detect the following: •the tire pressure is below the recommended low tolerance value – under inflated tire •the tire pressure is below the recommended lower tolerance value – significantly under inflated tire •the position of the tire on the vehicle. The TPMS module also communicates with the vehicle instrument cluster to provide the driver with appropriate warnings that show the importance of the condition detected and indicate the status/failure of TPMS components. Tire Location Because of the requirement for different pressure targets and thresholds for the front and rear tires, the TPMS module can identify the position of the tires on the vehicle, and assign a received tire pressure sensor identification to a specific position on the vehicle (i.e. FL (front left), FR (front right), RL (rear left) or RR (rear right)). Tire location is performed automatically by the module using an auto-location function. This function requires no manual intervention by the driver. The TPMS module can automatically learn the position of tires on the vehicle if the tire pressure sensors or their positions are changed on the vehicle. The TPMS module can automatically detect, under all operating conditions, the following: •one or more tire pressure sensors have been replaced •one or more tire pressure sensor identifications are missing •one or more ‘alien’ identifications are being received, i.e. the module can reject identifications from tire pressure sensors that do not belong to the vehicle •the spare tire and one of the tires in use on the vehicle have exchanged position on the vehicle. If the tire pressure sensors fitted to the vehicle are changed, the module can learn the new sensor identifications automatically. The learn function requires no manual intervention by the driver. Spare Tire Identification Depending on the vehicle specification, the spare tire may or may not be fitted with a tire pressure sensor. If the spare tire is fitted with a tire pressure sensor, the TPMS module can detect it, determine that it is the spare tire and monitor its pressure and issue warnings to the driver accordingly. If the TPMS module expects the spare tire to be fitted with a tire pressure sensor and it does not, the module will not show a fault to the driver, however a fault code will be stored in the TPMS module. If the spare tire is being monitored and the driver replaces a flat ‘running’ tire with the spare tire, the module will not continually warn the driver that the original flat tire (now in the spare position) is flat. This prevents distraction of the driver by constant pressure warnings being issued. System Operation Each time the vehicle is driven, the TPMS module transmits a LF (125 KHz) signal to each initiator in turn. This is received by the tire pressure sensor which passes its identification code to the initiator. The initiator then transmits an RF (315 or 433 MHz depending on market) signal to the module. This signal contains coded data which corresponds to sensor identification, tire pressure, tire temperature and acceleration data. Wheels and TiresLesson 2 – Chassis 39Technical Training (G421048)
As each wheel responds to the LF signal from the TPMS module, it is assigned a position on the vehicle and is monitored for the remainder of that drive cycle in that position. Once the wheel position is established, the signal transmissions from each wheel continue at 1 minute intervals whilst the vehicle is being driven. This transmission is to monitor the tire pressure. There are two levels of warning; amber warning indicator illuminated at 25% deflation and red warning indicator illuminated at 35% deflation. On vehicles with a high line instrument cluster, the red warning indicator is replaced with appropriate messages in the message center and will also provide additional information about the position of the affected wheel(s). Initiator The initiators are located near the front of the front wheel arches and near the rear of the rear wheel arches and are secured with two scrivets. The TPMS system has four initiators. Each initiator has a connector which connects with the body harness. The initiator is a passive, Low Frequency (LF) transmitter. Each initiator provides an auto-location feature to identify tire positions on the vehicle and transmit that data to the TPMS module. The TPMS module energises each initiator in turn using LF drivers. The corresponding tire pressure sensor detects the resulting LF transmission and responds by initiating an RF transmission of its data. This data is received by the TPMS module internal RF antenna. The module can then determine which sensor is transmitting and its location on the vehicle. (G421048) Technical Training40 Lesson 2 – ChassisWheels and Tires
Tire Pressure Sensor The TPMS system uses ‘active’ tire pressure sensors which are mounted on each wheel, inside the tire cavity. The sensor is retained in position by the valve attachment to the wheel structure. The sensors transmit their RF signals at either 315 MHz or 433 MHz dependent on market requirements. The sensors periodically measure the pressure and temperature of the air inside the tire. Pressure and temperature measurements are transmitted periodically to the RF receiver in the vehicle. The tire pressure sensors are self-contained units which have no electrical connections into or out of the sensor. The care points detailed in Tire Changing in this chapter must be followed to avoid damage to the sensor. If the sensor is replaced, the nut, seal and washer must also be replaced and the sensor tightened to the correct torque value as given in the Service Repair manual. The RF transmission from the sensor contains a unique identification code in its transmission data, so that the TPMS module can identify the tire on the vehicle. If the sensor is replaced on a running wheel, the new sensor identification will be learnt when the vehicle is first driven at a speed of more than 12.5 mph (20 km/h) for 15 minutes. If a new sensor is fitted to the spare wheel, the identification for that sensor must be programmed into the TPMS module using T4 or that wheel will not be monitored. The code is provided on a label with the complete wheel and tire assembly when new and is also printed on the casing of each sensor. The replacement spare wheel may also be programmed to the vehicle by using it as a running wheel for 12.5 mph (20 km/h) for 15 minutes, then replacing it to the spare wheel position. In order to conserve battery power, the tire sensor module uses different transmission rates when the wheel is stationary or moving. The wheel speed required to change between the stationary and moving transmission rates is very low to allow for the requirement for slow off-road driving. TPMS Switch NOTE: The TPMS switch is not fitted to NAS market vehicles. NAS vehicles do not have the option to select target pressure modes. Wheels and TiresLesson 2 – Chassis 41Technical Training (G421048)
The TPMS switch is a non-latching push button switch which is located in the center console switch pack, adjacent to the hazard warning switch. The TPMS switch is used by the driver to set the required target pressures for the vehicle, i.e. ‘normal load’ or ‘high load’. The switch is used to toggle between the two modes. The TPMS switch has a status LED, located in the face of the switch, which informs the driver when the ‘normal load’ or ‘high load’ pressures are set. When normal load mode is set, the LED is illuminated. When high load mode is set, the LED is extinguished. The status LED has two-stage illumination, providing day or night time illumination levels. The illumination level is determined by the TPMS module, based on data received via the vehicle CAN interface. The switch is used to change between the modes as required. The ignition switch must be in position II. If the TPMS is in the normal load mode, pressing and holding the switch will change the target pressures to high load mode. The LED will be extinguished, the message center in the instrument cluster will flash Tire Pressures High Load Condition for 5 seconds. This setting will remain until deselected by the driver. To change from high load mode to normal load mode, the ignition switch must be in position II and the switch must be pressed and held. This will change the target pressures from high load mode to normal load mode. The switch LED will illuminate and the instrument cluster message center will display Tire Pressures Normal condition for 5 seconds. Instrument Cluster Indications (G421048) Technical Training42 Lesson 2 – ChassisWheels and Tires
Low line instrument clusterA High line instrument clusterB Amber warning indicator1 Red warning indicator2 Message center3 The warning indications to the driver differ between the specification of instrument cluster fitted to the vehicle. On vehicles with a low line instrument cluster, tire pressure warnings are conveyed to the driver by amber and red LED warning indicators. On high line instrument clusters, warnings are conveyed by an amber LED warning indicator and a text message displayed in the message center. The warning indicators on both cluster specifications are driven by CAN messages from the TPMS module. The warning indicators are illuminated by the cluster software for 3 seconds when the ignition is switched to position II for a bulb check. NOTE: If the vehicle is not fitted with the TPMS, the warning indicators will not illuminate at any time. When the TPMS module transmits a warning indicator on signal, this may also be accompanied by a chime from the instrument cluster sounder. The following table shows the warning indicator functionality for given events for both specifications of instrument cluster. High Line Instrument ClusterLow Line Instrument ClusterEvent Amber LED illuminated. CHECK TIRE PRESSURES message displayed. Amber LED illuminatedMinor warning threshold reached in any running tire Amber LED illuminated for 20 seconds then extinguished. At next and subsequent ignition cycles Amber LED illuminated for 20 seconds then extinguished. CHECK SPARE TYRE PRESSURE message displayed. Amber LED illuminated for 20 seconds then extinguished. At next and subsequent ignition cycles Amber LED illuminated for 20 seconds then extinguished. Minor warning threshold reached in spare tire (if fitted) XX TIRE PRESSURE VERY LOW message displayed. Sounder activated once when message is displayed. Red LED illuminated. Sounder activated once when LED is illuminated. Major warning threshold reached in any running tire Wheels and TiresLesson 2 – Chassis 43Technical Training (G421048)
High Line Instrument ClusterLow Line Instrument ClusterEvent TYRE PRESSURES VERY LOW message displayed. Sounder activated once when message is displayed. Sounder activated once before Amber LED illuminated, message displayed and vehicle speed increased from 0 to 37 mph (0 to 60 km/h). Amber and Red LEDs illuminated Sounder activated on detection of each major warning event. Sounder activated once before Amber and Red LEDs illuminated and vehicle speed increased from 0 to 37 mph (0 to 60 km/h). Major warning threshold reached in more than one running tire XX TYRE PRESSURE TOO HIGH message displayed No indicationOver-pressure threshold reached in any running tire with normal load mode set TYRE PRESSURES TOO HIGH message displayed No indicationOver-pressure threshold reached in more than one running tire with normal load mode set No indication (Fault code stored on TPMS module) No indication (Fault code stored on TPMS module) Any running or spare tire pressure sensor battery low Amber LED illuminated. Amber LED illuminated at next and subsequent ignition on cycle. Sounder activated on initial LED illumination. TYRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM FAULT message displayed. Amber LED illuminated. Amber LED illuminated at next and subsequent ignition on cycle. Sounder activated on initial LED illumination. TPMS Fault Amber LED illuminated. Amber LED illuminated at next and subsequent ignition on cycle. Sounder activated on initial LED illumination. XX TYRE PRESSURE NOT MONITORED message displayed. Amber LED illuminated. Amber LED illuminated at next and subsequent ignition on cycle. Sounder activated on initial LED illumination. One TPMS wheel sensor fault (G421048) Technical Training44 Lesson 2 – ChassisWheels and Tires
High Line Instrument ClusterLow Line Instrument ClusterEvent Amber LED illuminated. Amber LED illuminated at next and subsequent ignition on cycle. Sounder activated on detection of each additional wheel sensor fault event. TYRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM FAULT message displayed. Amber LED remains illuminated. Amber LED illuminated at next and subsequent ignition on cycle. Sounder activated on detection of each additional wheel sensor fault event. More than one TPMS wheel sensor fault TPMS switch status LED illumin- ated. TYRE PRESSURE MONITORING LIGHT LOAD MODE message displayed for 3 seconds. TPMS switch status LED illuminatedTPMS switch pressed for 4 seconds to set Normal Load operation when engine is not running and the ignition switch is in position II (Not applic- able to NAS vehicles) TPMS switch status LED is extin- guished. TYRE PRESSURE MONITORING HEAVY LOAD MODE message is displayed for 3 seconds. TPMS switch status LED is extin- guished TPMS switch pressed for 4 seconds to set High Load operation when engine is not running and the ignition switch is in position II (Not applic- able to NAS vehicles) NOTE: XX is the tire position on the vehicle, e.g. FL (front left), FR (front right), RL (rear left) or RR (rear right). Wheels and TiresLesson 2 – Chassis 45Technical Training (G421048)
Inputs and Outputs Connector C24471 Connector C15372 Not used3 Two connectors provide the interface between the TPMS module and the external TPMS components. The third connector aperture on the TPMS module is not used. The following tables show the details of the signals or electrical supplies on each connector pin. Connector C1537 Input/OutputDescriptionPin No. -Not used1 Input/OutputCAN LOW - IN2 Input/OutputCAN HIGH - IN3 -Not used4 OutputTPMS Switch LED Drive5 -Not used6 InputTPMS Switch7 InputIgnition 12V supply8 -Not used9 Input/OutputCAN LOW - OUT10 Input/OutputCAN HIGH - OUT11 (G421048) Technical Training46 Lesson 2 – ChassisWheels and Tires