Samsung CLP 310 User Manual

							Troubleshooting_51
Misformed 
characters• If characters are improperly formed and 
producing hollow images, the paper stock 
may be too slick. Try a different paper. See 
page 31.
Page skew• Ensure that the paper is loaded properly.
• Check the paper type and quality. See page 
31.
• Ensure that the paper or other material is 
loaded correctly and the guides are not too 
tight or too loose against the paper stack.
Curl or wave• Ensure that the paper is loaded properly.
• Check the paper type and quality. Both high 
temperature and humidity can cause paper 
curl. See page 31.
• Turn over the stack of paper in the tray. Also 
try rotating the paper 180° in the tray.
Wrinkles or creases• Ensure that the paper is loaded properly.
• Check the paper type and quality. See page 
31.
• Turn over the stack of paper in the tray. Also 
try rotating the paper 180° in the tray.
Back of printouts 
are dirty• Check for leaking toner. Clean the inside of 
the machine. See page 38.
CONDITIONSUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
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Solid Color or 
Black pages• The toner cartridge may not be installed 
properly. Remove the cartridge and reinsert 
it.
• The toner cartridge may be defective and 
need replacing. Remove the toner cartridge 
and install a new one. See page 41.
• The machine may require repair. Contact a 
service representative.
Loose toner• Clean the inside of the machine. See page 
38.
• Check the paper type and quality. See page 
31.
• Remove the toner cartridge and install a 
new one. See page 41.
• If the problem persists, the machine may 
require repair. Contact a service 
representative.
Character VoidsCharacter voids are white areas within parts of 
characters that should be solid black:
• If you are using transparencies, try another 
type of transparency. Because of the 
composition of transparencies, some 
character voids are normal. 
• You may be printing on the wrong surface 
of the paper. Remove the paper and turn it 
around. 
• The paper may not meet paper 
specifications. See page 31.
Horizontal stripesIf horizontally aligned black streaks or smears 
appear:
• The toner cartridge may be installed 
improperly. Remove the cartridge and 
reinsert it.
• The toner cartridge may be defective. 
Remove the toner cartridge and install a 
new one. See page 41.
• If the problem persists, the machine may 
require repair. Contact a service 
representative.
CurlIf the printed paper is curled or paper does not 
feed into the machine:
• Turn over the stack of paper in the tray. 
Also try rotating the paper 180° in the tray. 
• Change the printer option and try again. Go 
to printer properties, click Paper tab, and 
set type to Thin Paper. Refer to the 
Software section for details.
An unknown image 
repetitively appears 
on a next few 
sheets or loose 
toner, light print, or 
contamination 
occurs.Your printer is probably being used at an 
altitude of 1,000 m (3,281 ft) or above.
The high altitude may affect the print quality 
such as loose toner or light imaging. You can 
set this option through Printer Settings Utility 
or Printer tab in printer driver’s properties. See 
page 30.
CONDITIONSUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
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							52 _Troubleshooting
Common Windows problems
Common Linux problems
CONDITIONSUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
“File in Use” 
message appears 
during installation.Exit all software applications. Remove all 
software from the StartUp Group, then restart 
Windows. Reinstall the printer driver.
“General Protection 
Fault”, “Exception 
OE”, “Spool32”, or 
“Illegal Operation” 
messages appear.Close all other applications, reboot Windows 
and try printing again.
“Fail To Print”, “A 
printer timeout error 
occurred.” messages 
appear.These messages may appear during printing. 
Just keep waiting until the machine finishes 
printing. If the message appears in ready mode 
or after printing has been completed, check the 
connection and/or whether an error has 
occurred.
Refer to the Microsoft Windows documentation that came with your 
computer for further information on Windows error messages.
CONDITIONSUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
The machine does 
not print.• Check if the printer driver is installed in your 
system. Open Unified Driver Configurator 
and switch to the Printers tab in Printers 
configuration window to look at the list of 
available printers. Make sure that your 
machine is displayed on the list. If not, 
please, invoke Add new printer wizard to set 
up your device. 
• Check if the printer is started. Open Printers 
configuration and select your machine on the 
printers list. Look at the description in the 
Selected printer pane. If its status contains 
“(stopped)” string, please, press the Start 
button. After that normal operation of the 
printer should be restored. The stopped 
status might be activated when some 
problems in printing occurred. 
• Check if your application has special print 
option such as “-oraw”. If “-oraw” is specified 
in the command line parameter then remove 
it to print properly. For Gimp front-end, select 
“print” -> “Setup printer” and edit command 
line parameter in the command item.
Some color images 
come out all black.This is a known bug in Ghostscript (until GNU 
Ghostscript version 7.05) when the base color 
space of the document is indexed color space 
and it is converted through CIE color space. 
Because Postscript uses CIE color space for 
Color Matching System, you should upgrade 
Ghostscript on your system to at least GNU 
Ghostscript version 7.06 or later. You can find 
recent Ghostscript versions at 
www.ghostscript.com.
Some color images 
come out in 
unexpected color.This is a known bug in Ghostscript (until GNU 
Ghostscript version 7.xx) when the base color 
space of the document is indexed RGB color 
space and it is converted through CIE color 
space. Because Postscript uses CIE color 
space for Color Matching System, you should 
upgrade Ghostscript on your system to at least 
GNU Ghostscript version 8.xx or later. You can 
find recent Ghostscript versions at 
www.ghostscript.com.
The machine does 
not print whole pages 
and its output is half 
page printed.It is a known problem that occurs when a color 
printer is used on version 8.51 or earlier of 
Ghostscript, 64-bit Linux OS, and reported to 
bugs.ghostscript.com as Ghostscript Bug 
688252.
The problem is solved in AFPL Ghostscript v. 
8.52 or above. Download the latest version of 
AFPL Ghostscript from http://sourceforge.net/
projects/ghostscript/ and install it to solve this 
problem.
I encounter error 
“Unable to open mfp 
port device file!” 
when printing a 
document.Please avoid changing print job parameters (via 
LPR GUI, for example) while a print job is in 
progress. Known versions of CUPS server 
break the print job whenever print options are 
changed and then try to restart the job from the 
beginning. Since Unified Linux Driver locks mfp 
port while printing, the abrupt termination of the 
driver keeps the port locked and therefore 
unavailable for subsequent print jobs. If this 
situation occurred, please, try to release the 
mfp port.
When printing a 
document over the 
network in SuSE 9.2, 
the printer does not 
print.The CUPS (Common Unix Printing System) 
version distributed with SuSE Linux 9.2 
(cups-1.1.21) has a problem with ipp 
(Internet Printing Protocol) printing. Use the 
socket printing instead of ipp or install later 
version of CUPS (cups-1.1.22 or higher).
Refer to Linux User’s Guide that came with your computer for further 
information on Linux error messages.
CONDITIONSUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
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							Troubleshooting_53
Common Macintosh problems
CONDITIONSUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
The printer does not 
print PDF file correctly. 
Some parts of graphics, 
text, or illustrations are 
missing.Incompatibility between the PDF file and 
the Acrobat products:
Printing the PDF file as an image may 
solve this problem. Turn on Print As 
Image from the Acrobat printing options.
It will take longer to print when 
you print a PDF file as an image.
The document has 
printed, but the print job 
has not disappeared 
from the spooler in Mac 
OS 10.3.2.Update your Mac OS to OS 10.3.3. or 
higher.
Some letters are not 
displayed normally 
during the Cover page 
printing.This problem is caused because Mac OS 
cannot create the font during the Cover 
page printing. English alphabet and 
numbers are displayed normally at the 
Cover page.
Refer to Mac OS User’s Guide that came with your computer for 
further information on Mac OS error messages.
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							Ordering supplies and accessories_54
ordering supplies and accessories
This chapter provides information on purchasing cartridges and accessories available for your machine.
This chapter includes:
• Supplies• How to purchase
SUPPLIES
When the toner runs out, you can order the following type of toner cartridge 
for your machine:
HOW TO PURCHASE
To order Samsung-authorized supplies or accessories, contact your local 
Samsung dealer or the retailer where you purchased your machine, or visit 
www.samsung.com/supplies
 and select your country/region to obtain 
information on calling for technical support.
The optional parts or features may differ by countries. Contact your 
sales representatives whether the part you want is available in your 
country.
TYPEAVERAGE YIELDPART NUMBER
Standard yield
a 
toner cartridge
a. Declared yield value in accordance with ISO/IEC 19798.• Average 
continuous black 
cartridge yield: 
1,500 standard 
pages (Black)
• Average 
continuous color 
cartridge yield: 
1,000 standard 
pages (Yellow/
Magenta/Cyan)CLT-K409S (Black)
CLT-C409S (Cyan)
CLT-M409S (Magenta)
CLT-Y409S (Yellow)
Region Ab
CLT-K4092S (Black)
CLT-C4092S (Cyan)
CLT-M4092S (Magenta)
CLT-Y4092S (Yellow)
b.Region A:Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, 
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, 
Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, 
Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK,  Standard yield  
Imaging UnitApprox. 24,000 
images
c
c. Image counts based on one color on each page. If you print documents 
in full color (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black), the life of this item will be 
reduced by 25%.CLT-R409
Waste toner 
containerApprox. 10,000 
images
cCLT-W409
When you purchase a new toner cartridge or supplies, you must 
purchase them in the same country you have purchased your 
machine.
Otherwise, the toner cartridge or supplies will be incompatible with 
your machine since the configuration of the toner cartridge or 
supplies vary depending on the countries.
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							55 _Specifications
specifications
This chapter guides you about this machine’s specifications such as various features.
This chapter include:
• General specifications • Printer specifications
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
The symbol * optional feature depending on machines.
ITEMDESCRIPTION
Paper input 
capacityTray: 150 sheets for plain paper, 75 g/m2 (20 lb bond)
For details about paper input capacity, see 32 page.
Paper output 
capacityFace down: 100 sheets 75 g/m2 (20 lb bond)
Power ratingAC 110 - 127 V or AC 220 - 240 V
See the Rating label on the machine for the correct 
voltage, frequency (hertz) and type of current for your 
machine.
Power 
consumption• Average operating mode: Less than 350 WH
• Ready mode: Less than 80 WH
• Power Save mode: Less than 10 WH
• Power off mode: 0 WH
Noise LevelaReady mode: Background noise level
Printing modeBlack & White: Less than 47 dBA
Color: Less than 45 dBA
Default time to 
power save 
mode from 
ready mode15 Minutes
Warm-up timeLess than 35 seconds (Coldboot)
Operating 
environmentTemperature: 10 to 32 °C (50 to 90 °F)
Humidity: 20 to 80% RH
Toner 
cartridge lifebBlack Average continuous black cartridge 
yield: 1,500 standard pages
(Shipped with 1,000 pages Starter 
toner cartridge.)
c
Color
(Yellow/
Magenta/
Cyan)Average continuous color cartridge 
yield: 1,000 standard pages
(shipped with 700 pages starter toner 
cartridge.)
c 
Imaging Unit 
lifeApprox. 24,000 imagesd
Waste toner 
containerApprox. 10,000 images
Memory• CLP-310, CLP-310N,CLP-315,CLP-315N: 32 MB 
(Non-extendable)
• CLP-310W, CLP-315W: 64 MB (Non-extendable) 
External 
dimension
(W x D x H)388 x 313 x 243 mm 
(15.3 x 12.3 x 9.6 inches)
Weight
(Including 
consumables)11.41 Kg (25.16 lbs)
Package 
weightPaper: 1.84 Kg (4.06 lbs)
Plastic: 0.26 Kg (0.57 lbs)
Fusing 
temperature180 °C (356 °F)
a. Sound Pressure Level, ISO 7779
b. Declared yield value in accordance with ISO/IEC 19798. The number of 
pages may be affected by operating environment, printing interval, 
media type, and media size.
c. It varies depending on the product configuration.
d. Image counts based on one color on each page. If you print documents 
in full color (Black, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow), the life of this item will be 
reduced by 25%.
ITEMDESCRIPTION
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							56 _Specifications
PRINTER SPECIFICATIONS
ITEMDESCRIPTION
Printing methodColor laser beam printing
Printing speeda
a. It will be affected by operating system used, computing performance, 
application software, connecting method, media type, media size and 
job complexity.• Black and white: Up to 16 ppm (A4), 17 ppm 
(Letter)
• Color: Up to 4 ppm (A4/Letter)
First print out 
timeBlack & 
WhiteFrom ready: Less than 14 seconds
ColorFrom ready: Less than 26 seconds
Print resolutionMax. 2,400 x 600 dpi effective output
Printer languageSPL-C
OS compatibilityb
b. Visit www.samsungprinter.com to download the latest software version. • Windows 2000/XP/2003/2008/Vista/7/Server 
2008 R2
• Linux: RedHat 8.0~9.0, Mandrake 9.2~10.1, 
SuSE 8.2~9.2, Fedra Core 1~4
• Macintosh: Mac OS X 10.3~10.6, Universal Mac
Interface• High speed USB 2.0
• CLP-310N, CLP-310W, CLP-315N, CLP-315W 
only: Ethernet 10/100 Base TX wired LAN 
(embedded type)
• CLP-310W,CLP-315W only: 802.11 b/g wireless 
LAN
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							57 _Glossary
glossary
ADF
An Automatic Document Feeder (ADF) is a mechanism that will 
automatically feed an original sheet of paper so that the machine can 
scan some amount of the paper at once. 
AppleTalk
AppleTalk is a proprietary suite of protocols developed by Apple, Inc for 
computer networking. It was included in the original Macintosh (1984) 
and is now deprecated by Apple in favor of TCP/IP networking.
BIT Depth
A computer graphics term describing the number of bits used to 
represent the color of a single pixel in a bitmapped image. Higher color 
depth gives a broader range of distinct colors. As the number of bits 
increases, the number of possible colors becomes impractically large for 
a color map. 1-bit color is commonly called as monochrome or black and 
white.
BMP
A bitmapped graphics format used internally by the Microsoft Windows 
graphics subsystem (GDI), and used commonly as a simple graphics file 
format on that platform.
BOOTP
Bootstrap Protocol. A network protocol used by a network client to 
obtain its IP address automatically. This is usually done in the bootstrap 
process of computers or operating systems running on them. The 
BOOTP servers assign the IP address from a pool of addresses to each 
client. BOOTP enables diskless workstation computers to obtain an IP 
address prior to loading any advanced operating system.
CCD 
Charge Coupled Device (CCD) is a hardware which enables the scan 
job. CCD Locking mechanism is also used to hold the CCD module to 
prevent any damage when you move the machine.
Collation
Collation is a process of printing a multiple-copy job in sets. When 
collation is selected, the device prints an entire set before printing 
additional copies.
Control Panel
A control panel is a flat, typically vertical, area where control or 
monitoring instruments are displayed. They are typically found in front of 
the machine. 
Coverage 
It is the printing term used for a toner usage measurement on printing. 
For example, 5% coverage means that an A4 sided paper has about 5% 
image or text on it. So, if the paper or original has complicated images or 
lots of text on it, the coverage will be higher and at the same time, a 
toner usage will be as much as the coverage.
CSV
Comma Separated Values (CSV). A type of file format, CSV is used to 
exchange data between disparate applications. The file format, as it is 
used in Microsoft Excel, has become a pseudo standard throughout the 
industry, even among non-Microsoft platforms.
DADF
A Duplex Automatic Document Feeder (DADF) is a mechanism that will 
automatically feed and flip over an original sheet of paper so that the 
machine can scan on both sides of the paper.
Default
The value or setting that is in effect when taking a printer out of its box 
state, reset, or initialized.
DHCP
A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a client-server 
networking protocol. A DHCP server provides configuration parameters 
specific to the DHCP client host requesting, generally, information 
required by the client host to participate on an IP network. DHCP also 
provides a mechanism for allocation of IP addresses to client hosts.
DIMM
Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM), a small circuit board that holds 
memory. DIMM stores all the data within the machine like printing data, 
received fax data.
DNS
The Domain Name Server (DNS) is a system that stores information 
associated with domain names in a distributed database on networks, 
such as the Internet.
Dot Matrix Printer
A dot matrix printer refers to a type of computer printer with a print head 
that runs back and forth on the page and prints by impact, striking an 
ink-soaked cloth ribbon against the paper, much like a typewriter.
DPI
Dots Per Inch (DPI) is a measurement of resolution that is used for 
scanning and printing. Generally, higher DPI results in a higher 
resolution, more visible detail in the image, and a larger file size.
DRPD 
Distinctive Ring Pattern Detection. Distinctive Ring is a telephone 
company service which enables a user to use a single telephone line to 
answer several different telephone numbers.
Duplex
A mechanism that will automatically flip over a sheet of paper so that the 
machine can print (or scan) on both sides of the paper. A printer 
equipped with a Duplex can print double-sided of paper.
Duty Cycle
Duty cycle is the page quantity which does not affect printer 
performance for a month. Generally the printer has the lifespan limitation 
such as pages per year. The lifespan means the average capacity of 
print-outs, usually within the warranty period. For example, if the duty 
cycle is 48,000 pages per month assuming 20 working days, a printer 
limits 2,400 pages a day.
ECM
Error Correction Mode (ECM) is an optional transmission mode built into 
Class 1 fax machines or fax modems. It automatically detects and 
corrects errors in the fax transmission process that are sometimes 
caused by telephone line noise.
Emulation
Emulation is a technique of one machine obtaining the same results as 
another.
The following glossary helps you get familiar with the product by 
understanding the terminologies commonly used with printing as well 
as mentioned in this users guide.
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							58 _Glossary
An emulator duplicates the functions of one system with a different 
system, so that the second system behaves like the first system. 
Emulation focuses on exact reproduction of external behavior, which is 
in contrast to simulation, which concerns an abstract model of the 
system being simulated, often considering its internal state.
Ethernet
Ethernet is a frame-based computer networking technology for local 
area networks (LANs). It defines wiring and signaling for the physical 
layer, and frame formats and protocols for the media access control 
(MAC)/data link layer of the OSI model. Ethernet is mostly standardized 
as IEEE 802.3. It has become the most widespread LAN technology in 
use during the 1990s to the present.
EtherTalk
A suite of protocols developed by Apple Computer for computer 
networking. It was included in the original Macintosh (1984) and is now 
deprecated by Apple in favor of TCP/IP networking. 
FDI
Foreign Device Interface (FDI) is a card installed inside the machine to 
allow a third party device such as a coin operated device or a card 
reader. Those devices allow the pay-for-print service on your machine.
FTP
A File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a commonly used protocol for 
exchanging files over any network that supports the TCP/IP protocol 
(such as the Internet or an intranet).
Fuser Unit 
The part of a laser printer that melts the toner onto the print media. It 
consists of a hot roller and a back-up roller. After toner is transferred 
onto the paper, the fuser unit applies heat and pressure to ensure that 
the toner stays on the paper permanently, which is why paper is warm 
when it comes out of a laser printer.
Gateway
A connection between computer networks, or between a computer 
network and a telephone line. It is very popular, as it is a computer or a 
network that allows access to another computer or network.
Grayscale
A shades of gray that represent light and dark portions of an image 
when color images are converted to grayscale; colors are represented 
by various shades of gray.
Halftone
An image type that simulates grayscale by varying the number of dots. 
Highly colored areas consist of a large number of dots, while lighter 
areas consist of a smaller number of dots.
HDD
Hard Disk Drive (HDD), commonly referred to as a hard drive or hard 
disk, is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally-encoded data 
on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces.
IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is an 
international non-profit, professional organization for the advancement 
of technology related to electricity.
IEEE 1284
The 1284 parallel port standard was developed by the Institute of 
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The term 1284-B refers to 
a specific connector type on the end of the parallel cable that attaches to 
the peripheral (for example, a printer). 
Intranet
A private network that uses Internet Protocols, network connectivity, and 
possibly the public telecommunication system to securely share part of 
an organizations information or operations with its employees. 
Sometimes the term refers only to the most visible service, the internal 
website.
IP address
An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a unique number that devices use in 
order to identify and communicate with each other on a network utilizing 
the Internet Protocol standard.
IPM
The Images Per Minute (IPM) is a way of measuring the speed of a 
printer. An IPM rate indicates the number of single-sided sheets a printer 
can complete within one minute.
IPP
The Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) defines a standard protocol for 
printing as well as managing print jobs, media size, resolution, and so 
forth. IPP can be used locally or over the Internet to hundreds of 
printers, and also supports access control, authentication, and 
encryption, making it a much more capable and secure printing solution 
than older ones.
IPX/SPX
IPX/SPX stands for Internet Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet 
Exchange. It is a networking protocol used by the Novell NetWare 
operating systems. IPX and SPX both provide connection services 
similar to TCP/IP, with the IPX protocol having similarities to IP, and 
SPX having similarities to TCP. IPX/SPX was primarily designed for 
local area networks (LANs), and is a very efficient protocol for this 
purpose (typically its performance exceeds that of TCP/IP on a LAN).
ISO
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an 
international standard-setting body composed of representatives from 
national standards bodies. It produces world-wide industrial and 
commercial standards.
ITU-T
The International Telecommunication Union is an international 
organization established to standardize and regulate international radio 
and telecommunications. Its main tasks include standardization, 
allocation of the radio spectrum, and organizing interconnection 
arrangements between different countries to allow international phone 
calls. A -T out of ITU-T indicates telecommunication.
ITU-T No. 1 chart
Standardized test chart published by ITU-T for document facsimile 
transmissions.
JBIG
Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group (JBIG) is an image compression 
standard with no loss of accuracy or quality, which was designed for 
compression of binary images, particularly for faxes, but can also be 
used on other images.
JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is a most commonly used 
standard method of lossy compression for photographic images. It is the 
format used for storing and transmitting photographs on the World Wide 
Web.
LDAP
The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is a networking 
protocol for querying and modifying directory services running over TCP/
IP.
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							Glossary_59
LED
A Light-Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that indicates 
the status of a machine.  
MAC address
Media Access Control (MAC) address is a unique identifier associated 
with a network adapter. MAC address is a unique 48-bit identifier usually 
written as 12 hexadecimal characters grouped in pairs (e. g., 00-00-0c-
34-11-4e). This address is usually hard-coded into a Network Interface 
Card (NIC) by its manufacturer, and used as an aid for routers trying to 
locate machines on large networks.
MFP
Multi Function Peripheral (MFP) is an office machine that includes the 
following functionality in one physical body, so as to have a printer, a 
copier, a fax, a scanner and etc.
MH
Modified Huffman (MH) is a compression method for decreasing the 
amount of data that needs to be transmitted between the fax machines 
to transfer the image recommended by ITU-T T.4. MH is a codebook-
based run-length encoding scheme optimized to efficiently compress 
white space. As most faxes consist mostly of white space, this 
minimizes the transmission time of most faxes. 
MMR
Modified Modified READ (MMR) is a compression method 
recommended by ITU-T T.6.
Modem
A device that modulates a carrier signal to encode digital information, 
and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode transmitted 
information.
MR
Modified Read (MR) is a compression method recommended by ITU-T 
T.4. MR encodes the first scanned line using MH. The next line is 
compared to the first, the differences determined, and then the 
differences are encoded and transmitted.
NetWare
A network operating system developed by Novell, Inc. It initially used 
cooperative multitasking to run various services on a PC, and the 
network protocols were based on the archetypal Xerox XNS stack. 
Today NetWare supports TCP/IP as well as IPX/SPX.
OPC
Organic Photo Conductor (OPC) is a mechanism that makes a virtual 
image for print using a laser beam emitted from a laser printer, and it is 
usually green or gray colored and a cylinder shaped. 
An exposing unit of a drum is slowly worn away by its usage of the 
printer, and it should be replaced appropriately since it gets scratches 
from grits of a paper.
Originals
The first example of something, such as a document, photograph or text, 
etc, which is copied, reproduced or translated to produce others, but 
which is not itself copied or derived from something else.
OSI
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) is a model developed by the 
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for communications. 
OSI offers a standard, modular approach to network design that divides 
the required set of complex functions into manageable, self-contained, 
functional layers. The layers are, from top to bottom, Application, 
Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link and Physical.
PABX 
A private automatic branch exchange (PABX) is an automatic telephone 
switching system within a private enterprise.
PCL
Printer Command Language (PCL) is a Page Description Language 
(PDL) developed by HP as a printer protocol and has become an 
industry standard. Originally developed for early inkjet printers, PCL has 
been released in varying levels for thermal, matrix printer, and page 
printers.
PDF
Portable Document Format (PDF) is a proprietary file format developed 
by Adobe Systems for representing two dimensional documents in a 
device independent and resolution independent format.
PostScript
PostScript (PS) is a page description language and programming 
language used primarily in the electronic and desktop publishing areas. - 
that is run in an interpreter to generate an image.
Printer Driver
A program used to send commands and transfer data from the computer 
to the printer.
Print Media
The media like paper, envelopes, labels, and transparencies which can 
be used on a printer, a scanner, a fax or, a copier.
PPM
Pages Per Minute (PPM) is a method of measurement for determining 
how fast a printer works, meaning the number of pages a printer can 
produce in one minute.
PRN file
An interface for a device driver, this allows software to interact with the 
device driver using standard input/output system calls, which simplifies 
many tasks. 
Protocol
A convention or standard that controls or enables the connection, 
communication, and data transfer between two computing endpoints.
PS
See PostScript.
PSTN
The Public-Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the network of the 
worlds public circuit-switched telephone networks which, on industrial 
premises, is usually routed through the switchboard.
Resolution
The sharpness of an image, measured in Dots Per Inch (DPI). The 
higher the dpi, the greater the resolution.
SMB
Server Message Block (SMB) is a network protocol mainly applied to 
share files, printers, serial ports, and miscellaneous communications 
between nodes on a network. It also provides an authenticated Inter-
process communication mechanism.
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the standard for e-mail 
transmissions across the Internet. SMTP is a relatively simple, text-
based protocol, where one or more recipients of a message are 
specified, and then the message text is transferred. It is a client-server 
protocol, where the client transmits an email message to the server.
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							60 _Glossary
Subnet Mask 
The subnet mask is used in conjunction with the network address to 
determine which part of the address is the network address and which 
part is the host address.
TCP/IP
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP); 
the set of communications protocols that implement the protocol stack 
on which the Internet and most commercial networks run.
TCR
Transmission Confirmation Report (TCR) provides details of each 
transmission such as job status, transmission result and number of 
pages sent. This report can be set to print after each job or only after 
failed transmissions.
TIFF
Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) is a variable-resolution bitmapped 
image format. TIFF describes image data that typically come from 
scanners. TIFF images make use of tags, keywords defining the 
characteristics of the image that is included in the file. This flexible and 
platform-independent format can be used for pictures that have been 
made by various image processing applications.
Toner Cartridge
A kind of bottle within a machine like printer which contains toner. Toner 
is a powder used in laser printers and photocopiers, which forms the text 
and images on the printed paper. Toner can be melted by the heat of the 
fuser, causing it to bind to the fibers in the paper.
TWAIN
An industry standard for scanners and software. By using a TWAIN-
compliant scanner with a TWAIN-compliant program, a scan can be 
initiated from within the program.; an image capture API for Microsoft 
Windows and Apple Macintosh operating systems.
UNC Path
Uniform Naming Convention (UNC) is a standard way to access network 
shares in Window NT and other Microsoft products. The format of a 
UNC path is: \\\\
URL
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the global address of documents 
and resources on the Internet. The first part of the address indicates 
what protocol to use, the second part specifies the IP address or the 
domain name where the resource is located.
USB
Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a standard that was developed by the 
USB Implementers Forum, Inc., to connect computers and peripherals. 
Unlike the parallel port, USB is designed to concurrently connect a 
single computer USB port to multiple peripherals.
Watermark
A watermark is a recognizable image or pattern in paper that appears 
lighter when viewed by transmitted light. Watermarks were first 
introduced in Bologna, Italy in 1282; they have been used by 
papermakers to identify their product, and also on postage stamps, 
currency, and other government documents to discourage 
counterfeiting.
WIA
Windows Imaging Architecture (WIA) is an imaging architecture that is 
originally introduced in Windows Me and Windows XP. A scan can be 
initiated from within these operating systems by using a WIA-compliant 
scanner.
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