Apple Iphone IOS 8.4 User Guide

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 161
You can set the leftmost or rightmost cell of your braille display to provide system status and 
other information. For example:
 •Announcement History contains an unread message
 •The current Announcement History message hasn’t been read
 •VoiceOver speech is muted
 •The iPhone battery is low (less than 20% charge)
 •iPhone is in landscape orientation
 •The screen display is turned off
 •The current line contains additional text to the left
 •The current line contains additional text to the right
Set the leftmost or rightmost cell to display status information. 
Go to Settings > General > 
Accessibility > VoiceOver > Braille > Status Cell, then tap Left or Right. 
See an expanded description of the status cell. On your braille display, press the status cell’s 
router button.
Make phone calls with VoiceOver
Answer or end a call. Double-tap the screen with two fingers.
When a phone call is established with VoiceOver on, the screen displays the numeric keypad by 
default, instead of showing call options.
Display call options. Select the Hide Keypad button in the lower-right corner and double-tap.
Display the numeric keypad again. Select the Keypad button near the center of the screen and 
double-tap.
Read math equations
VoiceOver can read aloud math equations encoded using:
 •MathML on the web
 •MathML or LaTeX in iBooks Author
Hear an equation. Have VoiceOver read the text as usual. VoiceOver says “math” before it starts 
reading an equation.
Explore the equation. Double-tap the selected equation to display it full screen and move 
through it one element at a time. Swipe left or right to read elements of the equation. Use the 
rotor to select Symbols, Small Expressions, Medium Expressions, or Large Expressions, then swipe 
up or down to hear the next element of that size. You can continue to double-tap the selected 
element to “drill down” into the equation to focus on the selected element, then swipe left or 
right, up or down to read one part at a time.
Equations read by VoiceOver can also be output to a braille device using Nemeth code, as well 
as the codes used by Unified English Braille, British English, French, and Greek. See Support for 
braille displays
 on page 16 0 .
Use VoiceOver with Safari
Search the web. Select the search field, enter your search, then swipe right or left to move down 
or up the list of suggested search phrases. Then double-tap the screen to search the web using 
the selected phrase.
Skip to the next page element of a particular type. Set the rotor to the element type, then 
swipe up or down. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 16 2
Set the rotor options for web browsing. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > 
Rotor. Tap to select or deselect options, or drag  up or down to reposition an item.
Skip images while navigating. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Navigate 
Images. You can choose to skip all images or only those without descriptions.
Reduce page clutter for easier reading and navigation. Select the Reader item in the Safari 
address field (not available for all pages).
If you pair an Apple Wireless Keyboard with iPhone, you can use single-key Quick Nav commands 
to navigate webpages. See Use VoiceOver with an Apple Wireless Keyboard
 on page 15 8 .
Use VoiceOver with Maps
You can use VoiceOver to explore a region, browse points of interest, follow roads, zoom in or 
out, select a pin, or get information about a location.
Explore the map. Drag your finger around the screen, or swipe left or right to move to 
another item.
Zoom in or out. Select the map, set the rotor to Zoom, then swipe down or up with one finger.
Pan the map. Swipe with three fingers.
Browse visible points of interest. Set the rotor to Points of Interest, then swipe up or down with 
one finger.
Follow a road. Hold your finger down on the road, wait until you hear “pause to follow,” then 
move your finger along the road while listening to the guide tone. The pitch increases when you 
stray from the road.
Select a pin. Touch a pin, or swipe left or right to select the pin. 
Get information about a location. With a pin selected, double-tap to display the information 
flag. Swipe left or right to select the More Info button, then double-tap to display the 
information page.
Hear location cues as you move about. Turn on Tracking With Heading in Maps to hear street 
names and points of interest as you approach them.
Edit videos and voice memos with VoiceOver
You can use VoiceOver gestures to trim Camera videos and Voice Memo recordings.
Trim a video. While viewing a video in Photos, double-tap the screen to display the video 
controls, then select the beginning or end of the trim tool. Then swipe up to drag to the right, or 
swipe down to drag to the left. VoiceOver announces the amount of time the current position 
will trim from the recording. To complete the trim, select Trim, then double-tap.
Trim a voice memo. Select the memo in Voice Memos, tap Edit, then tap Start Trimming. Select 
the beginning or end of the selection, double-tap and hold, then drag to adjust. VoiceOver 
announces the amount of time the current position will trim from the recording. Tap Play to 
preview the trimmed recording. When you’ve got it the way you want it, tap Trim.
Zoom
Many apps let you zoom in or out on specific items. For example, you can double-tap or pinch to 
look closer in Photos or expand webpage columns in Safari. There’s also a general Zoom feature 
that lets you magnify the screen no matter what you’re doing. You can zoom the entire screen 
(Full Screen Zoom) or zoom part of the screen in a resizable window and leave the rest of the 
screen unmagnified ( Window Zoom). And, you can use Zoom together with VoiceOver. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 16 3
Turn Zoom on or off. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Zoom. Or, use the Accessibility 
Shortcut. See Accessibility Shortcut on page 151.
Zoom in or out. With Zoom turned on, double-tap the screen with three fingers.
Adjust the magnification. Double-tap with three fingers, then drag up or down. The tap-and-
drag gesture is similar to a double-tap, except you don’t lift your fingers on the second tap—
instead, drag your fingers on the screen. You can also triple-tap with three fingers, then drag 
the Zoom Level slider in the controls that appear. To limit the maximum magnification, go to 
Settings > General > Accessibility > Zoom > Maximum Zoom Level.
Pan to see more. Drag the screen with three fingers. Or, hold your finger near the edge of the 
screen to pan to that side. Move your finger closer to the edge to pan more quickly.
Switch between Full Screen Zoom and Window Zoom. Triple-tap with three fingers, then tap 
Window Zoom or Full Screen Zoom in the zoom controls that appear. To choose the mode that’s 
used when you turn on Zoom, go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Zoom > Zoom Region.
Resize the zoom window ( Window Zoom). Triple-tap with three fingers, tap Resize Lens, then 
drag any of the round handles that appear.
Move the zoom window ( Window Zoom). Drag the handle at the bottom of the zoom window.
Show the zoom controller. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Zoom, then turn on Show 
Controller, or triple-tap with three fingers, then choose Show Controller. Then you can double-
tap the floating Zoom Controls button to zoom in or out, single-tap the button to display the 
zoom controls, or drag it to pan. To move the Zoom Controls button, tap and hold the button, 
then drag it to a new location. To adjust the transparency of the zoom controller, go to Settings > 
General > Accessibility > Zoom > Idle Visibility.
Have Zoom track your selections or the text insertion point. Go to Settings > General > 
Accessibility > Zoom > Follow Focus. Then, for example, if you use VoiceOver, turning on this 
option causes the zoom window to magnify each element on the screen as you select it using a 
swipe in VoiceOver.
Zoom in on your typing without magnifying the keyboard. 
Go to Settings > General > 
Accessibility > Zoom, then turn on Follow Focus and turn off Zoom Keyboard. When you zoom in 
while typing (in Messages or Notes, for example), the text you type is magnified while all of the 
keyboard remains visible.
Display the magnified part of the screen in grayscale or inverted color. Triple-tap with three 
fingers, then tap Choose Filter in the zoom controls that appear.
While using Zoom with an Apple Wireless Keyboard, the screen image follows the insertion point, 
keeping it in the center of the display. See Use an Apple Wireless Keyboard
 on page 32 .
If you have iPhone 6 or iPhone 6 Plus, you can turn on Display Zoom to see larger onscreen 
controls. Go to Settings > Display & Brightness > View.
Invert Colors and Grayscale
Sometimes, inverting the colors or changing to grayscale on the iPhone screen makes it easier 
to read.
Invert the screen colors. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Invert Colors.
See the screen in grayscale. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Grayscale.
Turn on both effects to see inverted grayscale. You can also apply these effects to just the 
contents of the zoom window—see Zoom
 on page 16 2 . 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 16 4
Speak Selection
Even with VoiceOver turned off, you can have iPhone read aloud any text you select. 
iPhone analyzes the text to determine the language, then reads it to you using the 
appropriate pronunciation.
Turn on Speak Selection. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Speech. There you can also:
 •Adjust the speaking rate
 •Choose to have individual words highlighted as they’re read
Have text read to you. Select the text, then tap Speak.
You can also have iPhone read the entire screen to you. See Speak Screen, nex t.
Speak Screen
iPhone can read the contents of the screen to you, even if you don’t use VoiceOver.
Turn on Speak Screen. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Speech.
Have iPhone speak the screen. Swipe down from the top of the screen with two fingers. Use the 
controls that appear to pause speaking or adjust the rate.
Highlight what’s being spoken. Turn on Highlight Content, below the Speak Screen switch when 
it’s turned on.
Use Siri. Say “speak  screen.”
You can also have iPhone read just text you select—see Speak Selection, above.
Speak Auto-text
Speak Auto-text speaks the text corrections and suggestions iPhone makes when you type.
Turn Speak Auto-text on or off. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Speech.
Speak Auto-text also works with VoiceOver and Zoom.
Large, bold, and high-contrast text
Display larger text in apps such as Settings, Calendar, Contacts, Mail, Messages, and Notes. 
Go to Settings > General > Text Size, then adjust the slider. For even larger text, go to Settings > 
General > Accessibility > Larger Text, then turn on Larger Accessibility Sizes.
Display bolder text on iPhone. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility, then turn on Bold Text.
Increase text contrast where possible. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility, then turn on 
Increase Contrast.
Button Shapes
iPhone can add a colored background shape or an underline to buttons so they’re easier to see.
Emphasize buttons. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility, then turn on Button Shapes. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 16 5
Reduce screen motion
You can stop the movement of some screen elements, for example, the parallax effect of icons 
and alerts against the wallpaper, or motion transitions.
Reduce motion. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility, then turn on Reduce Motion.
On/off switch labels
To make it easier to see whether a setting is on or off, you can have iPhone show an additional 
label on on/off switches.
Add switch-setting labels. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility, then turn on On/Off Labels.
Assignable ringtones and vibrations
You can assign distinctive ringtones to people in your contacts list for audible caller ID. You can 
also assign vibration patterns for notifications from specific apps, for phone calls, for FaceTime 
calls or messages from special contacts, and to alert you of a variety of other events, including 
new voicemail, new mail, sent mail, Tweet, Facebook Post, and reminders. Choose from existing 
patterns, or create new ones. See Sounds and silence
 on page 36. 
You can purchase ringtones from the iTunes Store on iPhone. See Chapter 22, iTunes Store, on 
page 11 8.
Video Descriptions
Video descriptions provide an audible description of video scenes. If you have a video that 
includes video descriptions, iPhone can play them for you.
Turn on Video Descriptions. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Video Descriptions.
Hearing aids
Made for iPhone hearing aids
If you have Made for iPhone hearing aids, you can use iPhone to adjust their settings, stream 
audio, or use iPhone as a remote mic.
Pair with iPhone. 
If your hearing aids aren’t listed in Settings > General > Accessibility > Hearing 
Aids, you need to pair them with iPhone. To start, open the battery door on each hearing aid. 
Next, on iPhone, go to Settings > Bluetooth, then make sure Bluetooth is turned on. Then go 
to Settings > General > Accessibility > Hearing Aids. Close the battery doors on your hearing 
aids and wait until their name appears in the list of devices (this could take a minute). When the 
name appears, tap it and respond to the pairing request.
When pairing is finished, you hear a series of beeps and a tone, and a checkmark appears next to 
the hearing aids in the Devices list. Pairing can take as long as 60 seconds—don’t try to stream 
audio or otherwise use the hearing aids until pairing is finished.
You should only need to pair once (and your audiologist might do it for you). After that, each 
time you turn your hearing aids back on, they reconnect to iPhone.
Adjust hearing aid settings and view status. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Hearing 
Aids, or choose Hearing Aids from the Accessibility Shortcut. See Accessibility Shortcut on 
page 151. Hearing aid settings appear only after you pair your hearing aids with iPhone. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 16 6
For shortcut access from the Lock screen, go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Hearing Aids, 
then turn on Control on Lock Screen. Use the settings to:
 •Check hearing aid battery status.
 •Adjust ambient microphone volume and equalization.
 •Choose which hearing aids (left, right, or both) receive streaming audio.
 •Control Live Listen.
Stream audio to your hearing aids. Stream audio from Phone, Siri, Music, Videos, and more by 
choosing your hearing aids from the AirPlay menu 
.
Use iPhone as a remote microphone. You can use Live Listen to stream sound from the 
microphone in iPhone to your hearing aids. This can help you hear better in some situations by 
positioning iPhone nearer the sound source. Triple-click the Home button, choose Hearing Aids, 
then tap Start Live Listen.
Use your hearing aids with more than one iOS device. If you pair your hearing aids with more 
than one iOS device (both iPhone and iPad, for example), the connection for your hearing aids 
automatically switches from one to the other when you do something that generates audio on 
the other device, or when you receive a phone call on iPhone. Changes you make to hearing 
aid settings on one device are automatically sent to your other iOS devices. To take advantage 
of this, all of the devices must be on the same Wi-Fi network and signed in to iCloud using the 
same Apple ID.
Hearing Aid Mode
iPhone has a Hearing Aid Mode that, when activated, may reduce interference with some 
hearing aid models. Hearing Aid Mode reduces the transmission power of the cellular radio in 
the GSM 1900 MHz band and may result in decreased 2G cellular coverage.
Turn on Hearing Aid Mode. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Hearing Aids.
Hearing aid compatibility
The FCC has adopted hearing aid compatibility (HAC) rules for digital wireless phones. These 
rules require certain phones to be tested and rated under the American National Standard 
Institute (ANSI) C63.19-2007 or C63.19-2011 hearing aid compatibility standards. 
The ANSI standard for hearing aid compatibility contains two types of ratings:
 •An “M” rating for reduced radio frequency interference to enable acoustic coupling with 
hearing aids that are not operating in telecoil mode
 •A “T” rating for inductive coupling with hearing aids operating in telecoil mode
These ratings are given on a scale from one to four, where four is the most compatible. A phone 
is considered hearing aid compatible under FCC rules if it is rated M3 or M4 for acoustic coupling 
and T3 or T4 for inductive coupling.
For iPhone hearing aid compatibility ratings, see www.apple.com/support/hac/.
Hearing aid compatibility ratings don’t guarantee that a particular hearing aid works with a 
particular phone. Some hearing aids may work well with phones that don’t meet particular 
ratings. To ensure interoperability between a hearing aid and a phone, try using them together 
before purchase. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 167
This phone has been tested and rated for use with hearing aids for some of the wireless 
technologies it uses. However, there may be some newer wireless technologies used in this 
phone that have not been tested yet for use with hearing aids. It is important to try the different 
features of this phone thoroughly and in different locations, using your hearing aid or cochlear 
implant, to determine if you hear any interfering noise. Consult your service provider or Apple 
for information on hearing aid compatibility. If you have questions about return or exchange 
policies, consult your service provider or phone retailer.
Mono audio and balance
Mono Audio combines the sound from the left and right channels into a mono signal played on 
both channels. This way you can hear everything with either ear, or through both ears with one 
channel set louder.
Turn Mono Audio on or off. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Mono Audio.
Adjust the balance. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility, then drag the Left Right Stereo 
Balance slider.
Subtitles and closed captions
The Videos app includes an Alternate Track button  you can tap to choose subtitles and 
captions offered by the video you’re watching. Standard subtitles and captions are usually listed, 
but if you prefer special accessible captions, such as subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing 
(SDH), you can set iPhone to list them instead, if they’re available.
Prefer accessible subtitles and closed captions for the hard of hearing in the list of available 
subtitles and captions. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Subtitles & Captioning, then 
turn on Closed Captions + SDH. This also turns on subtitles and captions in the Videos app.
Choose from available subtitles and captions. Tap 
 while watching a video in Videos.
Customize your subtitles and captions. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Subtitles & 
Captioning > Style, where you can choose an existing caption style or create a new style based 
on your choice of:
 •Font, size, and color
 •Background color and opacity
 •Text opacity, edge style, and highlight
Not all videos include closed captions.
Siri
With Siri, you can do things like opening apps just by asking, and VoiceOver can read Siri 
responses to you. See Chapter 4, Siri, on page 48.
Widescreen keyboards
Many apps, including Mail, Safari, Messages, Notes, and Contacts, let you rotate iPhone when 
you’re typing, so you can use a larger keyboard. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 16 8
Large phone keypad
Make phone calls simply by tapping entries in your contacts and favorites lists. When you need 
to dial a number, the large numeric keypad on iPhone makes it easy. See Make a call
 on page 51.
LED Flash for Alerts
If you can’t hear the sounds that announce incoming calls and other alerts, you can have iPhone 
flash its LED (next to the camera lens on the back of iPhone). This works only when iPhone is 
locked or asleep.
Turn on LED Flash for Alerts. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > LED Flash for Alerts.
Call audio routing
You can have the audio of incoming or outgoing calls automatically routed through a headset or 
speaker phone instead of iPhone.
Reroute audio for calls. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Call Audio Routing, then 
choose how you want to hear and speak your calls.
You can also have audio from calls routed to your hearing aids; see Hearing aids
 on page 16 5 .
Phone noise cancelation
iPhone uses ambient noise cancelation to reduce background noise. 
Turn noise cancelation on or off. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Phone 
Noise Cancelation.
Guided Access
Guided Access helps an iPhone user stay focused on a task. Guided Access dedicates iPhone to a 
single app, and lets you control which app features are available. Use Guided Access to:
 •Temporarily restrict iPhone to a particular app
 •Disable areas of the screen that aren’t relevant to a task, or areas where an accidental gesture 
might cause a distraction
 •Limit how long someone can use an app
 •Disable the iPhone Sleep/Wake or volume buttons
Use Guided Access. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Guided Access, where you can:
 •Turn Guided Access on or off
 •Tap Passcode Settings to set a passcode that controls the use of Guided Access (preventing 
someone from leaving a session), and turn on Touch ID (as a way to end Guided Access)
 •Tap Time Limits to set a sound or have the remaining Guided Access time spoken before  
time ends
 •Set whether other accessibility shortcuts are available during a session
Start a Guided Access session. After turning on Guided Access, open the app you want to run, 
then triple-click the Home button. Adjust settings for the session, then tap Start.
 •Disable app controls and areas of the app screen:  Draw a circle or rectangle around any part 
of the screen you want to disable. Drag the mask into position or use the handles to adjust 
its size. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 16 9
 •Enable the Sleep/Wake or volume buttons: Tap Options below Hardware Buttons.
 •Keep iPhone from switching from portrait to landscape or from responding to other motions: Tap 
Options, then turn off Motion.
 •Prevent typing: Tap Options, then turn off Keyboards.
 •Ignore all screen touches: Turn off Touch at the bottom of the screen.
 •Set a session time limit: Tap Time Limit Options at the bottom of the screen.
End the session. Triple-click the Home button, then enter the Guided Access passcode, or use 
Touch ID (if enabled).
Switch Control
Switch Control lets you control iPhone using a single switch or multiple switches. Use any of 
several methods to perform actions such as selecting, tapping, dragging, typing, and even free-
hand drawing. The basic technique is to use a switch to select an item or location on the screen, 
and then use the same (or different) switch to choose an action to perform on that item or 
location. Three basic methods are:
 •Item scanning (default), which highlights different items on the screen until you select one.
 •Point scanning, which lets you use scanning crosshairs to pick a screen location.
 •Manual selection, which lets you move from item to item on demand (requires multiple switches).
Whichever method you use, when you select an individual item (rather than a group), a menu 
appears so you can choose how to act on the selected item (tap, drag, or pinch, for example).
If you use multiple switches, you can set up each switch to perform a specific action and 
customize your item selection method. For example, instead of automatically scanning screen 
items, you can set up switches to move to the next or previous item on demand.
You can adjust the behavior of Switch Control in a variety of ways, to suit your specific needs 
and style.
Add a switch and turn on Switch Control
You can use any of these as a switch:
 •An external adaptive switch: Choose from a variety of popular USB or Bluetooth switches.
 •The iPhone screen: Tap the screen to trigger the switch.
 •The iPhone FaceTime camera: Move your head to trigger the switch. You can use the camera as 
two switches: one when you move your head to the left, and the other when you move your 
head to the right.
Add a switch and choose its action. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Switch Control > 
Switches. If you use only one switch, it is your Select Item switch by default.
If you’re adding an external switch, you need to connect it to iPhone before it will appear in the 
list of available switches. Follow the instructions that came with the switch. If it connects using 
Bluetooth, you need to pair it with iPhone—turn on the switch, go to Settings > Bluetooth, tap 
the switch, then follow the onscreen instructions. For more information, see Bluetooth devices on 
page 42.
Turn on Switch Control. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Switch Control, or use the 
Accessibility Shortcut. See Accessibility Shortcut on page 151 .
Turn off Switch Control. 
Use any scanning method to select, then tap Settings > General > 
Accessibility > Switch Control. Or triple-click the Home button. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 17 0
Basic techniques
Whether you use item scanning or point scanning, the Switch Control basics are the same.
Select an item. While the item is highlighted, trigger the switch you’ve set up as your Select Item 
switch. If you are using a single switch, it is your Select Item switch by default.
Perform an action on the selected item. Choose a command from the control menu that 
appears when you select the item. The layout of the menu depends on whether you use 
Auto Tap.
 •With Auto Tap off: The control menu includes only the Tap button and the More button (two 
dots at the bottom). If you’re in a scrollable area of the screen, a Scroll button also appears. 
To tap the highlighted item, trigger your Select Item button when Tap is highlighted. To see 
additional action buttons, choose More at the bottom of the menu. If you have multiple 
switches, you can set one up specifically for tapping.
 •With Auto Tap on: To tap the item, do nothing—the item is automatically tapped when the 
Auto Tap interval expires (0.75 seconds if you haven’t changed it). To see the control menu, 
trigger your Select Item button before the Auto Tap interval expires. The control menu skips 
the Tap button and goes right to the full set of action buttons.
Turn on Auto Tap. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Switch Control > Auto Tap. To tap an 
item with Auto Tap on, just wait for the Auto Tap interval to expire.
Dismiss the control menu without choosing an action. Tap while the original item is 
highlighted and all the icons in the control menu are dimmed. Or choose Escape from the 
control menu. The menu goes away after cycling the number of times you specify at Settings > 
General > Accessibility > Switch Control > Loops.
Perform screen gestures. Choose Gestures from the control menu.
Scroll the screen. Select an item in a scrollable part of the screen, then:
 •With Auto Tap off: Choose the Scroll Down button (next to the Tap button) in the control menu. 
Or, for more scrolling options, choose More, then choose Scroll.
 •With Auto Tap on: Choose Scroll from the control menu. If many actions are available, you 
might have to choose More first.
Tap the Home button. Choose Home from the control menu.
Perform other hardware actions. Select any item, then choose Device from the menu that 
appears. Use the menu to mimic these actions:
 •Double-click the Home button for multitasking
 •Open Notification Center or Control Center
 •Press the Sleep/Wake button to lock iPhone
 •Rotate iPhone
 •Flip the Ring/Silent switch
 •Press the volume buttons
 •Hold down the Home button to open Siri
 •Triple-click the Home button
 •Shake iPhone
 •Press the Home and Sleep/Wake buttons simultaneously to take a screenshot
 •Swipe down from the top with two fingers to speak the screen (if you have Speak Screen 
turned on)