Land Rover Defender 02my Owners Handbook 2nd Edition Rover
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Driving Techniques 90 CLIMBING STEEP SLOPES Engage the diff lock and ALWAYS follow the fall line of the slope - travelling diagonally could encourage the vehicle to slide broadside down the slope. Steep climbs will usually require the LOW gear range. If the surface is loose or slippery, use sufficient speed in the highest practical gear to take advantage of your vehicles momentum. However, too high a speed over a bumpy surface may result in a wheel lifting, causing the vehicle to lose traction. In this case try a slower approach. Traction can also be improved by easing off the accelerator just before loss of forward motion. If the vehicle is unable to complete a climb, do not attempt to turn it around while on the slope. Instead, adopt the following procedure to reverse downhill to the foot of the slope. 1.Hold the vehicle stationary using both foot and hand brakes. 2.Restart the engine if necessary. 3.Engage reverse gear LOW range. 4.Release the handbrake. Then release the foot brake and clutch simultaneously, and allow the vehicle to reverse down the slope using engine braking to control the rate of descent. 5.Unless it is necessary to stop the vehicle to negotiate obstructions, DO NOT apply the brake or clutch pedal during the descent - even a light application may cause the front wheels to lock, rendering the steering ineffective. 6. If the vehicle begins to slide, accelerate slightly to allow the tyres to regain grip. When the vehicle is back on level ground or where traction can be regained, a faster approach will probably enable the hill to be climbed. However, DO NOT take unnecessary risks, if the hill is too difficult to climb, find an alternative route.WARNING DO NOT attempt to reverse down a slope without the engine running, or the braking effect of the gearbox will be lost.
Driving Techniques 91 DESCENDING STEEP SLOPES WARNING Failure to follow these instructions may cause the vehicle to roll over. •Stop the vehicle at least a vehicle length before the start of the slope and engage first gear LOW range with the differential locked. •Unless it is necessary to stop the vehicle in order to negotiate obstructions, DO NOT touch the brake or clutch pedals during the descent - the engine will limit the speed, keeping the vehicle under control provided the front wheels are rotating. If the vehicle begins to slide, accelerate gently to maintain directional stability. DO NOT use the brakes or attempt to change gear. •Once level ground is reached, unlock the differential and select a suitable gear for the next stage of your journey. TRAVERSING A SLOPE WARNING Failure to follow these instructions may cause the vehicle to roll over. Before crossing a slope ALWAYS observe the following precautions: •Check that the ground is firm and not slippery. •Check that the wheels on the downhill side of the vehicle are not likely to drop into depressions in the ground and that the ‘uphill’ wheels will not run over rocks, tree roots, or similar obstacles that could suddenly increase the angle of tilt. •Ensure that passenger weight is evenly distributed, that all roof rack luggage is removed and that all other luggage is properly secured and stowed as low as possible. Always remember; any sudden movement of the load could cause the vehicle to overturn. •Rear seat passengers should sit on the uphill side of the vehicle or, in extreme conditions, should vacate the vehicle until the sloping ground has been safely negotiated. H3643 H3634
Driving Techniques 92 NEGOTIATING A ‘V’ SHAPED GULLY Observe extreme caution! Steering up either of the gully walls could cause the side of the vehicle to be trapped against the opposite gully wall. DRIVING IN EXISTING WHEEL TRACKS As far as possible allow the vehicle to steer itself along the bottom of the ruts. However, always keep a light hold of the steering wheel to prevent it from spinning free. Particularly in wet conditions, if the steering wheel is allowed to spin free, the vehicle may appear to be driving straight ahead in the ruts, but in actual fact (due to the lack of traction caused by the wet ground) is unknowingly on full right or left lock. Then, when level ground is reached, or if a dry patch of ground is encountered, the wheels will find traction and cause the vehicle to suddenly veer to left or right. CROSSING A RIDGE Approach at right angles so that both front wheels cross the ridge together - an angled approach could cause traction to be lost through diagonally opposite wheels lifting from the ground at the same time. H3635
Driving Techniques 93 CROSSING A DITCH With the diff lock engaged, cross ditches at an angle so that three wheels always maintain contact with the ground. If a ditch is approached head on, both front wheels will drop into the ditch together, possibly resulting in the chassis and front bumper being trapped on opposite sides of the ditch. WADING WARNING The maximum advisable wading depth is 20 inches (0,5 m). Severe electrical damage may occur if the vehicle remains stationary for any length of time when the water level is above the door sills. If the water is likely to exceed 20 inches (0,5 m), the following precautions should be observed: •Fix a plastic sheet in front of the radiator grille to prevent water from soaking the engine and mud from blocking the radiator. •Fit a drain plug to the flywheel housing and engine timing cover (Tdi engines only). •Ensure that the silt bed beneath the water is free of obstacles and firm enough to support the vehicles weight and provide sufficient traction. •Ensure that the engine air intake is clear of the water level. •To prevent saturation of the electrical system and air intake, avoid excessive engine speed. H3636 H3644
Driving Techniques 94 •With the diff lock engaged, select a low gear and maintain sufficient throttle to prevent the engine from stalling. This is particularly important if the exhaust pipe is under water. •Drive slowly into the water and accelerate to a speed which causes a bow wave to form; then maintain that speed. At all times, keep all the doors fully closed. After wading •Drive the vehicle a short distance and apply the foot brake to check that the brakes are fully effective. •DO NOT rely on the handbrake to hold the vehicle stationary until the transmission has thoroughly dried out; in the meantime, leave the vehicle parked in gear. •Remove the timing cover drain plug (where fitted) and also any protective covering from the front of the radiator grille. •If the water was particularly muddy, remove any blockages (mud and leaves) from the radiator to reduce the risk of overheating. •If deep water is regularly negotiated, check all oils for signs of water contamination - contaminated oil can be identified through its ‘milky’ appearance. In addition, check the air filter element for water ingress and replace if wet - consult a Land Rover dealer if necessary. •If salt water is frequently negotiated, thoroughly wash the underbody components and exposed body panels with fresh water. NOTE: Vehicles required to undergo frequent or deep wading conditions will require more frequent servicing. Contact a Land Rover dealer for advice.Wading plugs* WARNING For safety, DO NOT work underneath the vehicle unless it is safely parked with the wheels chocked, or is supported by heavy duty stands. Under severe wading conditions, the timing cover and flywheel housing must be sealed to prevent the ingress of mud and water. Fit the plugs, supplied in the tool kit. Remove the plugs immediately after wading, or periodically if the vehicle is required to do prolonged wading or very muddy work.
Owner Maintenance Maintenance ROUTINE MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 OWNER MAINTENANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 SAFETY IN THE GARAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 EMISSION CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 ROAD TESTING DYNAMOMETERS (‘rolling roads’) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Bonnet Opening BONNET OPENING (Td5 models). . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Engine Compartment Td5 DIESEL ENGINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Tdi DIESEL ENGINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Engine Oil CHECK & TOP-UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Cooling System COOLANT CHECK AND TOP-UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 ANTI-FREEZE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Fuel System FUEL SEDIMENTER (Tdi engines) . . . . . . . . . . . 107 FUEL FILTER (Td5 engines) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Brakes BRAKE FLUID. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
96 Clutch CLUTCH FLUID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Power Steering POWER STEERING FLUID. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Washers WINDSCREEN WASHER TOP-UP . . . . . . . . . . . 111 WASHER JETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Wiper Blades WIPER BLADE REPLACEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Battery BATTERY SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 BATTERY MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Tyres CARING FOR YOUR TYRES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 SNOW CHAINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Cleaning & vehicle care WASHING YOUR VEHICLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 CLEANING THE INTERIOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Identification Numbers VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) . . . . 123 Parts & Accessories PARTS AND ACCESSORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 AFTER SALES SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Maintenance 97 Owne r Ma int en anc e M aint ena nc eROUTINE MAINTENANCE Regular systematic maintenance is the key to ensuring the continued reliability and efficiency of your vehicle. Maintenance is the owners responsibility and you must ensure that owner maintenance operations, routine servicing and brake fluid and coolant changes are carried out when required and according to the manufacturers recommendations. The routine maintenance requirements for your vehicle are shown in the Service Portfolio book. Most of this necessary workshop maintenance requires specialised knowledge and equipment, and should preferably be entrusted to a Land Rover dealer. Service Portfolio The Service Portfolio book includes a Service Record section, which enables a record to be kept of all the services that are carried out on the vehicle. This section of the book also provides a facility for the dealer to record brake fluid and camshaft drive belt changes. Ensure your dealer signs and stamps the book after each service.Brake fluid/component replacement Brake fluid must be completely renewed every 24,000 miles (40,000 km) or 24 months, whichever is the sooner. At 48,000 mile (80,000 km) intervals or every 4 years, whichever is the sooner, all hydraulic brake fluid, seals and flexible hoses should be renewed. All working surfaces of the calliper cylinders should be examined and the components renewed where necessary. Under arduous operating conditions, these intervals may need to be reduced. Please consult your Land Rover dealer. Coolant replacement The engine coolant (anti-freeze and water solution) needs to be replaced every 36,000 miles (60,000 km) or 36 months, whichever is the sooner. Your dealer will replace the coolant at the scheduled service.
Maintenance 98 OWNER MAINTENANCE In addition to the routine services referred to previously, a number of simple checks must be carried out more frequently. You can carry out these checks yourself and advice is given on the pages that follow. Any significant or sudden drop in fluid levels, or uneven tyre wear, should be reported to a dealer without delay. Daily checks •Operation of lights, horn, direction indicators, wipers, washers and warning lights. •Operation of seat belts and brakes. •Look for fluid deposits underneath the vehicle that might indicate a leak. Weekly checks - at least every 250 miles (400 km) •Engine oil level. NOTE: The engine oil level should be checked more frequently if the vehicle is driven for prolonged periods at high speeds. •Coolant level. •Brake fluid level. •Clutch fluid level. •Power steering fluid level. •Screen washer fluid level. •Tyre pressures and condition. •Operate air conditioning *. The gearbox fluid level should only be checked by a qualified dealer, at the time of a routine service. All fluid specifications and capacities are shown in ‘LUBRICANTS AND FLUIDS’, page 151. IMPORTANT INFORMATION Special operation conditions When a vehicle is operated in extremely arduous conditions or a dusty, wet or muddy terrain, more frequent attention must be paid to servicing requirements. For example: if your vehicle experiences deep wading conditions, even DAILY servicing could be necessary to ensure the continued safe and reliable operation of the vehicle. Contact a Land Rover dealer for advice.
Maintenance 99 SAFETY IN THE GARAGE WARNING Cooling fans may continue to operate after the engine is switched off. When the engine is hot, the cooling fans may also COMMENCE operating after the engine is switched off and continue operating for up to 10 minutes. Keep clear of all fans while working in the engine compartment. If you need to carry out maintenance, observe the following safety precautions at all times: •Keep your hands and clothing away from drive belts and pulleys. •If the vehicle has been driven recently, DO NOT TOUCH exhaust and cooling system components until the engine has cooled. •DO NOT TOUCH electrical leads or components while the engine is running, or with the starter switch turned on. •NEVER leave the engine running in an unventilated area - exhaust gases are poisonous and extremely dangerous. •DO NOT work beneath the vehicle with the wheel changing jack as the only means of support. •Ensure sparks and naked lights are kept away from the engine and battery. •Wear protective clothing, including, where practicable, gloves made from an impervious material. •Remove metal wrist bands and jewellery before working in the engine compartment. •DO NOT allow tools or metal parts of the vehicle to make contact with the battery leads or terminals. WARNING Under no circumstances should any part of the fuel system be dismantled or replaced by anyone other than a suitably qualified motor vehicle technician. Failure to comply with this instruction may result in fuel spillage with a consequent serious risk of fire. Poisonous fluids Fluids used in motor vehicles are poisonous and should not be consumed or brought into contact with open wounds. These include; battery acid, anti-freeze, brake and power steering fluid, petrol, diesel, engine oil and windscreen washer additives. For your own safety, ALWAYS read and obey all instructions printed on labels and containers. Used engine oil Prolonged contact with engine oil may cause serious skin disorders, including dermatitis and cancer of the skin. ALWAYS wash thoroughly after contact. It is illegal to pollute drains, water courses or soil. Use authorised waste disposal sites to dispose of used oil and toxic chemicals.