Motorola Astro Digital Mobile Radio Xtl5000 Basic 6881096c73 O Manual

							6881096C73-OJune 11, 2003
Basic Troubleshooting: Introduction9-3
9.1.2 I/O Disclaimer
Some of the signal lines on the J2 accessory connector (Figure 9-1, on page 9-1) are limited to 
between 0- and 5-volt operation. It is obvious that improper connections to any electronic device 
might result in damage. Some of the logic lines are limited to between 0 and 5 volts and other inputs 
between 0 and 20 volts. The exception is the UARTA, which can tolerate up to ±15 V maximum. At 
no time should any two (or more) outputs be connected together. Exceeding these input voltages or 
output loads could result in electronic component failure. In most cases Zener diodes have been 
added to protect against ESD.
Table 9-2 provides the normal operation range and ESD clamping voltages at accessory connector 
J2. If a radio is suspected of failure due to improper connections, the table can be useful in diode-
continuity testing the accessory pins on the radio as a closed unit.
21RX FILT AUDIOReceive Filtered Audio 
OutThis is a fixed level (independent of volume 
level) received audio signal, including alert 
tones. Flat or de-emphasis are programmed by 
CPS. Output voltage is approximately 100 
mVrms per 1kHz of deviation. The DC offset is 
1.4V.
22MONITORMonitor overrides PLThis output is used to detect when a rear 
microphone accessory is taken ’off-hook’, to 
over-ride PL to alert the user to busy traffic 
prior to transmitting.
23AUX MICRear microphone inputThis microphone signal is independent of the 
microphone signal on the front microphone 
connector. The nominal input level is 80mVrms 
for 60% deviation when used for motorcycle, 
but can also support 300 mVrms for future 
APCO accessories. The DC impedance is 660 
ohms and the AC impedance is 560 ohms.
24SW B+Switched Battery VoltageThis voltage is available when the radio is 
switched on, at A+ levels.
25IgnitionIgnition SenseConnecting this line to the ignition line of the 
vehicle will allow radio turn-on via the on/off 
button when the vehicle ignition is on. 
Connecting this line to the car battery will allow 
radio turn-on via the on/off button, regardless 
of the vehicle ignition status.
26SPKR-Speaker -Used along with SPKR+ to connect an external 
speaker. The audio PA is a bridge amplifier 
with a 3.2-ohm minimum impedance.
Table 9-2.  Normal Operation Range and ESD Clamping Voltages


	

		
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1Ground00.00
2Bus +0.7 4.30
3Bus - 0.7 0.45
4UARTA_TxDHigh Z -9.20 Table 9-1.  J2 Accessory Connector Signal and Voltage Descriptions (Continued)
PinFunctionDescription 
						

							June 11, 20036881096C73-O
9-4Basic Troubleshooting: Introduction
9.1.3 Microphone Bias
Most microphones are powered by a phantom power supply. This means that the bias to the 
electronics within the microphone is supplied as DC (direct-coupled) down the MIC_IN line. During 
PTT (push-to-talk or transmit), the microphone electronics are connected to this line and loads it 
down from 9 V to a bias voltage between about 3 to 6 volts. The AC load (or load line) is less than 
560 ohms at the radio due to AC decoupling on both sides of this resistor. Audio (which is AC) from 
the microphone passes up the same MIC_IN line and AC coupled eventually to a high impedance 
amplifier circuit. It is imperative that this input has a bias voltage between 1.5 and 9.5 volts. 
Connecting to anything other than a microphone could short out or clamp the input signal resulting in 
distortion. The output of other types of electronics is typically referenced to zero volts DC and would 
require a 10 µF capacitor to be placed in series with MIC_IN. If the capacitor is polarized, the plus 
lead goes to the radio MIC_IN. Some audio generators have the option of applying the 1.5 Vdc 
offset, which may be used in place of a capacitor.
5UARTA_RxD5.5 K 0.00
6 USB -0.50 0.09
7 USB +0.51 0.07
8 RESET0.51 0.00
9 BUSY 0.50 0.00
10 UARTA_CTSHigh Z 9.20
11 U A R TA _ RT S5.5 K 0.00
12 USB_PWR0.7 0.00
13 CHAN_ACT10.03
14 Ground00.00
15 Emergency59 K 1.90
16 PTT0.8 2.80
17 One wire0.7 2.80
18 VIP OUT 1 (12V)10.08
19 VIP OUT 2 (12V)10.07
20 Spkr +0.8 6.60
21 RX_FILT_audio11.30
22 Monitor0.8 2.80
23 AUX_MIC19.13
24 SW_B+0.7 13.7
25 Ignition0.8 13.8
26 Spkr -0.8 6.70
*  Measured without power applied to the radio, the DMM on the diode-test scale, and the 
lead connected to chassis ground. 0.7 V, 0.8 V. and 1 V measurement represent diode 
junctions that will vary depending on the bias current of the ohmmeter.
**  Measured with a voltmeter and the radio powered on using a 13.8-volt power supply.
Table 9-2.  Normal Operation Range and ESD Clamping Voltages (Continued)


	

		
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							6881096C73-OJune 11, 2003
Basic Troubleshooting: Replacement Board Procedures 9-5
9.1.4 Audio PA Out Bias
The audio PA is a BTL (bridge-to-load) amplifier. When the radio is in receiver mode, the output of 
both speaker leads bias up to half of the supply voltage. Considering that both leads are at the same 
potential, the average DC voltage across the load is zero. At maximum volume the signal voltage to 
the load is double that of one amplifier peak-to-peak because the amplifiers work together 180 
degrees out of phase. Caution must be taken not to short either lead to ground, which might cause 
component damage. Even though audio may still be heard from the speaker, the shorted side will go 
into current limiting and eventually into thermal shutdown, shutting off the amplifier. These protection 
devices are not intended to be tested.
9.1.5 High Power RF Precaution
9.2 Replacement Board Procedures
Once a problem has been isolated to a specific board, use one of the following recommended repair 
procedures:
 Install a good board from your inventory into the radio.
 Order a replacement board from Radio Products Services Division at 1-800-422-4210. Refer to 
“Appendix A Replacement Parts Ordering” on page A-1 for further information.
 Troubleshoot the defective board using the ASTRO XTL 5000 Digital Mobile Radios Detailed 
Service Manual. (Refer to the Related Publications section of this manual on page xii for the 
specific manual number.)
9.3 Power-Up Error Codes
When the radio is turned on (power-up), the radio performs cursory tests to determine if its basic 
electronics and software are in working order. Problems detected during these tests are presented 
as error codes on the radio’s display. The presence of an error should prompt the user that a 
problem exists and that a service technician should be contacted.
Self-test errors are classified as either fatal or non-fatal. Fatal errors inhibit user operation; non-fatal 
errors do not. Use the following tables to aid in understanding particular power-up error code 
displays.When performing both transmit and, especially, receive tests, it is still 
possible that equipment might be damaged by the radio transmitter. 
Besides a possible radio failure, the radio might also transmit while in 
receive under the fllowing conditions: trunking-mode affiliation, missing 
emergency jumper, a defective PTT button, or other unintentional PTT 
activations.
With the exception of some inputs on service monitors, a suitable attenuator 
rated at 100  W or more should always be used with all test equipment 
connected to the RF connector.
Table 9-3.  Power-Up Error Codes
Error CodeDescriptionError TypeCorrective Action
ERROR 01/02 FLASH ROM Codeplug 
ChecksumNON-FATAL Reprogram the codeplug.
ERROR 01/12 Security Partition 
ChecksumNON-FATAL Reprogram the security partition.
!
C a u t i o n 
						

							June 11, 20036881096C73-O
9-6Basic Troubleshooting: Power-Up Error Codes
ERROR 01/22 Tuning Codeplug 
ChecksumNON-FATAL Reprogram the tuning partition.
FAIL 01/81 FLASH ROM Checksum FATAL Reprogram the radio firmware.
FAIL 01/82 FLASH ROM Codeplug 
ChecksumFATAL Reprogram the codeplug.
FAIL 01/88 External SRAM Failure FATAL Turn the radio off, then on.
FAIL 01/90 General Hardware FATAL Turn the radio off, then on.
FAIL 01/92 Security Partition 
ChecksumFATAL Reprogram the security partition.
FAIL 01/93 FlashPORT AUTHENT 
CODE FailureFATAL Contact the depot.
FAIL 01/98 Internal RAM Failure FATAL Turn the radio off, then on.
FAIL 01/A2 Tuning Codeplug 
ChecksumFATAL Reprogram the tuning partition.
FAIL 02/81 DSP ROM Checksum FATAL Reprogram the DSP firmware.
FAIL 02/88 DSP RAM Fatal Error FATAL Turn the radio off, then on.
FAIL 02/90 General DSP Hardware 
FailureFATAL Turn the radio off, then on.
ERROR 05/10 Control Head Hardware 
ErrorNON-FATAL Turn the radio off, then on.
FAIL 05/81 Control Head ROM 
Checksum ErrorFATAL Replace the control head.
ERROR 06/10 Aux Control Head 
Hardware ErrorNON-FATAL Turn the radio off, then on.
FAIL 06/81 Aux Control Head ROM 
Checksum ErrorFATAL Replace the aux. control head.
ERROR 08/10 Siren Hardware Error NON-FATAL Turn the radio off, then on.
FAIL 08/81 Siren ROM Checksum 
ErrorFATAL Replace the siren.
ERROR 09/10 Secure Hardware Error NON-FATAL Replace the secure module.
FAIL 09/90 Secure Hardware Fatal 
ErrorFATAL Replace the secure module.
ERROR 12/10 VRS Hardware Error NON-FATAL Turn the radio off, then on.
FAIL 12/81 VRS ROM Checksum Error FATAL Replace the VRS.
ERROR 1C/10 TRC Hardware Error NON-FATAL Turn the radio off, then on.
FAIL 1C/81 TRC ROM Checksum Error FATAL Replace the TRC.
FL 01/AO Abacus IC Failure FATAL Turn the radio off, then on.
FL 02/CO Wrong microprocessor FATAL Send the radio to the depot; 
replace the daughter card.
Table 9-3.  Power-Up Error Codes (Continued)
Error CodeDescriptionError TypeCorrective Action 
						

							6881096C73-OJune 11, 2003
Basic Troubleshooting: Operational Error Codes 9-7
9.4 Operational Error Codes
During radio operation, the radio performs dynamic tests to determine if the radio is working properly. 
Problems detected during these tests are presented as error codes on the radio’s display. The 
presence of an error code should prompt a user that a problem exists and that a service technician 
should be contacted. Use Table 9-4 to aid in understanding particular operational error codes.
9.5 Transmitter Troubleshooting
Table 9-4 can help you troubleshoot problems that might occur in the transmitter section of your 
radio.Table 9-4.  Operational Error Codes
Error CodeDescriptionError TypeCorrective Action
FAIL 001 Synthesizer Out-of-Lock NON-FATAL 1. Reprogram the codeplug.
2. Refer to Detailed Service 
Manual.
FAIL 002 Personality checksum or 
system block errorNON-FATAL Reprogram the codeplug.
Table 9-5.  Transmitter Troubleshooting Chart
SymptomPossible CauseCorrection or Test (Measurements Taken at 
Room Temperature)
No RF Power 
OutputTX Power Level 
ProgrammingCheck TX power level programming (from the 
appropriate radio-programming software).
Main Board Refer to the Detailed Service Manual.
Distorted 
ModulationBandwidth Is the correct bandwidth selected (use the 
appropriate radio-programming software)?
Is radio properly tuned?
(See Chapter 6: Radio Alignment Procedures.)
Compensation Not Set/
Working
(DPL Distorted)Check the compensation setting.
If compensation won’t adjust, go to “Can’t Set 
Compensation” below.
Main Board Refer to the Detailed Service Manual.
No Modulation, 
Bad 
Microphone 
SensitivityCheck Deviation and 
CompensationRetune, if necessary. (See Chapter 6: Radio 
Alignment Procedures.)
Microphone Speak loudly into the microphone while monitoring 
the microphone line (pin 4 of J0401).
If it is not >80 mVrms, then check the microphone, 
flex, control head, and remote cable if applicable.
Main Board If >80 mVrms, refer to the Detailed Service Manual.
No/Low 
Signaling (PL, 
DPL, Trunking, 
MDC)Check Programming Reprogram the codeplug.
Can’t Set 
CompensationDeviation and 
CompensationVary deviation and compensation controls from 
maximum to minimum using softpots in the TX 
Deviation Balance screen and TX Deviation Limit 
screen (using the appropriate radio-programming 
software–see Chapter 6: Radio Alignment 
Procedures).
Main Board Refer to the Detailed Service Manual. 
						

							June 11, 20036881096C73-O
9-8Basic Troubleshooting: Receiver Troubleshooting
NOTE:“AC-coupled” is adding a 10 µf capacitor externally to prevent biasing on the MIC-HI line from 
being grounded.
9.6 Receiver Troubleshooting
Ta b l e 9 - 6 can help you troubleshoot problems that might occur in the receiver section of your radio.
Radio 
transmiits when 
programming 
cable is 
inserted into 
control headDamaged Flex Replace flex to control head.
Table 9-6.  Receiver Troubleshooting Chart
SymptomPossible CauseCorrection or Test (Measurements Taken 
at Room Temperature)
Radio Dead, 
Display Does 
Not Light UpBlown Fuse Check the current if drain is >800 ma or if the 
current is 10 Vdc). If not present, refer to the 
Detailed Service Manual.
On/Off Switch (Control 
Head)Check for SW_B+ at pin 17 of J0401 on the main 
board.
If present, replace flex or remote cable and board. 
If absent, replace control head.
Radio Dead, 
Display Lights 
UpFlex Circuit Check for SW_B+ at pin 17 of J0401.
If absent, replace the flex or remote cable/board.
Main Board Refer to the Detailed Service Manual.
No Receiver 
Audio or 
Receive Does 
Not UnsquelchCode Plug Check the codeplug to ensure correct frequency 
and signaling (PL, DPL) is enabled (use the 
appropriate radio-programming software).
Speaker Check for speaker leads shorted to ground or open 
speaker wires. Replace, if necessary.
Main Board Refer to the Detailed Service Manual.
Audio Distorted 
or Not Loud 
EnoughCodeplug Ensure the codeplug is properly configured, 
including bandwidth and signaling.
Synthesizer Not On 
Frequency/WorkingSee “Reference Oscillator Alignment” on page 6-6.
Main Board Refer to the Detailed Service Manual.
RF Sensitivity 
PoorSynthesizer Not On 
Frequency/WorkingCheck the local oscillator frequency.
See “Reference Oscillator Alignment” on page 6-6.
Main Board Refer to the Detailed Service Manual.
Table 9-5.  Transmitter Troubleshooting Chart (Continued)
SymptomPossible CauseCorrection or Test (Measurements Taken at 
Room Temperature) 
						

							6881096C73-OJune 11, 2003
Basic Troubleshooting: Receiver Troubleshooting 9-9
Radio Will Not 
SquelchCodeplug Check the offending channel for spurious activity 
by monitoring with a known-good radio or service 
monitor.
If possible, remove the offending source (computer, 
etc.).
If not, increase the squelch level using the 
appropriate radio-programming software.
Radio Will Not 
Turn OffOn/Off Switch (Control 
Head)Check for SW_B+ at 0 Vdc on pin 17 J0401 on the 
main board.
If SW_B+ is >1 Vdc, replace the control head.
Emergency Switch Check the emergency signal at J0401-18. A high 
voltage may indicate that the emergency switch 
line is not grounded by the rear accessory cable.
Main Board Refer to the Detailed Service Manual.
Excessive 
Noise in Fading 
ConditionsCheck Programming for 
Correct BandwidthReprogram the codeplug with the correct 
bandwidth.
Radio 
transmiits when 
programming 
cable is 
inserted into 
control headDamaged Flex Replace flex to control head.
Table 9-6.  Receiver Troubleshooting Chart (Continued)
SymptomPossible CauseCorrection or Test (Measurements Taken 
at Room Temperature) 
						

							June 12, 20036881096C73-O
9-10Basic Troubleshooting: Receiver Troubleshooting
Notes 
						

							Chapter 10 Functional Block Diagrams and Connectors
This chapter contains the ASTRO XTL 5000 digital mobile radio functional block diagrams and connector locations.
Table 10-1.  Table of Functional Block Diagrams and ConnectorsPage
Figure Name
10-2 Figure 10-1. ASTRO XTL 5000 Functional Block Diagram
10-3 Figure 10-2. J0103 Remote-Mount Control Head Connector
10-3 Figure 10-3. J5 Control Cable for Remote-Mount Control Head
10-3 Figure 10-4. J6 Radio Operations Connector
10-3 Figure 10-5. J3 Remote-Control Cable Accessory Connector
10-3 Figure 10-6. J2 Rear Accessory Connector
10-3 Figure 10-7. P104 Microphone Jack
10-4 Figure 10-8. Dash-Mount Radio Connector Locations
10-4 Figure 10-9. Remote-Mount Radio Connector Locations
10-4 Figure 10-10. Main Board Connector Locations - Side 1
10-4 Figure 10-11. Main Board Connector Locations - Side 2
10-5 Figure 10-12. Control Head Cabling Diagram
10-6 Figure 10-13. Control Head 50-pin Connector
10-7 Figure 10-14. XTL 5000 Radio Connector Naming Scheme 
						

							10-2Functional Block Diagrams and Connectors: XTL 5000 Functional Block Diagram
June 12, 2003 6881096C73-O10.1 XTL 5000 Functional Block Diagram
Figure 10-1.  ASTRO XTL 5000 Functional Block Diagram
VF VOLTAGE
SOURCE
MICROPROCESSOREEPROM
SERIAL BUSINTERFACE
SERIAL BUSINTERFACE
HIGH VOLTAGE VF DRIVER MICRO-
PROCESSOR
VACUUM
FLUORESCENT 8-CHARACTER
SPEAKER
REMOTE MOUNT MODELS
FUSEFUSE
BATT CABLE (GRN)
IGN. CABLE (ORG)
VIP IN/OUTREMOTE
INTERCONNECT BOARD HANDHELD
INTERCONNECT BOARD
DASH
INTERCONNECT BOARD
W3 HANDHELD CONTROL HEAD
SWITCHES
MICROPHONE
REMOTE
INTERCONNECT BOARD
CONTROL HEAD (REMOTE  MOUNT)
(W5/W7 PUSHBUTTON AND W4 ROTARY MODELS)
8-CHARACTER VACUUM
FLUORESCENT DISPLAY
MICRO-
PROCESSORCONTROL HEAD (DASH MOUNT)
(W5/W7 PUSHBUTTON AND W4 ROTARY MODELS)
HIGH VOLTAGE VF DRIVER
SERIAL BUS
INTERFACE
DISPLAY DRIVER
DISPLAY
VACUUM
FLUORESCENT
11-CHARACTER
HIGH VOLTAGE VF DRIVER
CONTROL HEAD (REMOTE  MOUNT)
(W9 PUSHBUTTON MODEL)
TO J0401  50-PINCONTROL HEAD CONNECTOR
MAEPF-27633-O 
TX RX 
LO
SYNTH
MIXER
16.8 MHz
REF OSC
FRACTIONAL N SYNTHESIZER
A/D IC 
700 BAND
PRESELECTOR 800 BAND
PRESELECTOR
700 BAND
PRESELECTOR 800 BAND
PRESELECTOR
PREAMP
DIRECTIONAL COUPLER
DETECTOR LOW PASS
FILTER ANTENNA
SWITCH
TO POWER CONTROL FROM
POWER
CONTROLTRANSMITTER POWER AMPLIFIERPA DRIVER PREDRIVER
TX
INJECTION RX LO
INJECTION
RX INJECTION
TX INJECTION
MOBILE A+ DISTRIBUTION 73.35 MHz IF AMP
2 POLE XTAL 2 POLE
XTAL
800 MHz RX VCO
700 MHz RX VCO
700 MHz TX VCO
800 MHz TX VCO LOOP
FILTER
MOD IN
SPI
BUS
16.8 MHz REF
CONTROLLERMODULATION
D/A BLOCK
D/AIC
POWER
CONTROL AND
REGULATORS
AUDIO PA CODEC
MICROPROCESSOR
AND DSP IC
FROM
MICROPHONE ENCRYPTION
BOARD
(OPTIONAL)
FLASH
ROM
SRAM
ABACUS III RX BACKEND
ADC
SAMPLE CLOCK SYNTHESIZER
CLOCK  VCO AND
LOOP FILTER
2nd LO VCO
AND
LOOP FILTER RX DATA
IGNITION CABLE FUSE
FUSE
DASH MOUNT
MODELS
J0402  26-PIN
REAR ACCESSORY CONNECTOR J0401  50-PIN
CONTROL HEAD CONNECTOR
DC POWER
CABLE
TO POSITIVE
TERMINAL OF
VEHICLE  BATTERY
FREQUENCY GENERATION UNIT
RX 
TX 
J0950 DC
CONNECTOR