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Land Rover Defender 1999 2002my Workshop Supplement Body Repair 3rd Edition Rover Manual

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    							12ENGINE
    16
    DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Oil cooler
    1.Front oil gallery - full-flow filter to oil cooler matrix
    2.Full-flow filter adaptor outlet port to oil cooler
    (opens at 74°C)
    3.Full-flow filter inlet port
    4.Oil cooler housing
    5.Full-flow filter outlet port to cylinder block
    6.Coolant inlet port
    7.Oil cooler banjo bolt seals (2 off)
    8.Banjo bolts (2 off)
    9.Banjo bolt oil holes - to oil cooler matrix
    10.Rear oil gallery - full-flow filter / oil cooler outlet
    to cylinder block11.Centre oil gallery - from pump to full-flow filter
    12.Inlet port to centrifuge filter
    13.Sealing ring - centrifuge filter housing to oil
    cooler housing
    14.Port - oil cooler matrix
    15.Oil cooler matrix
    16.Inlet port from pump via cylinder block to oil
    cooler housing
    17.Outlet port from oil cooler housing to cylinder
    block
    18.Rear view of oil cooler housing 
    						
    							ENGINE
    17
    DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION The engine oil cooler assembly is located on the left hand side of the engine block behind the oil centrifuge and oil
    filter. The housing is bolted to the engine block by seven bolts. A matrix is included in the oil cooler housing which
    acts as a heat exchanger. Coolant flow circulates through the oil cooler housing under pressure from the coolant
    pump and distributes the flow evenly around the matrix fins and then along the block into three core holes for
    cylinder cooling. Coolant enters the oil cooler through a pipe with a rubber hose extension at the rear side of the
    engine. The coolant hose is attached to the stub pipe of the oil cooler by a spring clip.
    Oil, drawn from the sump by the oil pump, passes through the oil cooler via the cylinder block. The flow of coolant
    around the exterior surface of the oil cooler matrix cools a proportion of the engine oil flow as it passes through the
    oil cooler.
    The oil cooler is sealed to the cylinder block by a gasket which must be replaced every time the oil cooler housing
    is removed. 
    						
    							12ENGINE
    18
    DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Oil filters
    The Td5 engine features two types of oil filter; the main filter is a standard disposable cartridge-type full flow oil
    filter which is augmented with a by-pass centrifuge filter used to filter out particulate matter having a smaller
    diameter smaller than 15 micron but greater than 3 micron.
    1.Centre spindle
    2.Spindle oil holes (2 off)
    3.Centrifuge filter housing
    4.Centrifuge filter drain pipe
    5.Port - centrifuge filter drain pipe to sump6.Filter rotor
    7.Internal seal
    8.Cover
    9.Cover screws (2 off)
    The centrifuge filter is located on the left hand side of the engine block by the exhaust manifold and is housed in a
    pot which is bolted to the oil cooler housing by means of three bolts. The pot contains a rotor located on a central
    spindle which spins at up to 15,000 rev/min when oil is flowing through the unit under pressure. The rotor contains
    two fine holes drilled at obtuse angles which cause the rotor to spin about the centre spindle when high pressure
    oil is passing through it. The inner surface of the rotor captures carbon deposits and small particulate matter as it
    is thrown outwards under centrifugal force to form a sludge on the inner walls of the rotor. The unit is able to trap
    very fine impurities that build up in the oil that would be too small to filter using the normal paper-element type
    full-flow filters alone. 
    						
    							ENGINE
    19
    DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Full flow filter
    Approximately 10% of the total oil flow enters the centrifuge pot through a side port in the pot casting which is
    mated to an outlet port at the lower side of the oil cooler housing. A rubber’O’ring sits in a recess around the oil
    cooler port which seals the faces between the centrifuge pot and oil cooler port, and it must be replaced every
    time the centrifuge assembly is removed. Oil leaves the centrifuge pot through a drain tube which is attached to
    the base of the pot by means of two fixing screws. The lower end of the drain tube returns oil to the sump and is
    fixed to the sump by means of two screws. Gaskets are included at the port interfaces between the oil drain tube
    and the centrifuge pot and the oil drain tube and sump return port; these gaskets must be replaced every time the
    oil drain tube is removed.
    The centrifuge cover is fixed to the pot by two screws and is sealed by an’O’ring.
    1.Full-flow filter housing
    2.Thermostat
    3.Roll-pin4.Port - feed line to turbocharger
    5.Outlet port from full-flow filter - higher than 74°C
    6.Inlet port to full-flow filter
    7.Outlet port from full-flow filter - lower than 74°C
    The main filter is a conventional full flow cartridge type filter containing a paper element able to trap particles
    greater than 15 micron (0.015 mm) in diameter.
    The cartridge is screwed to an adaptor casting by way of a hollow brass threaded insert which connects the filter
    outlet port to the adaptor casting. A sealing ring seals the union between the oil filter cartridge and the adaptor
    casting. 
    						
    							12ENGINE
    20
    DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Oil filter housing thermostat
    1.Circlip
    2.Thermostat end cap
    3.Oil seal
    4.Thermostatic valve5.Return spring
    6.Oil filter housing
    7.Threaded insert
    The oil filter housing contains a thermostatically controlled valve to control the direction and proportion of oil flow
    through the oil cooler matrix. When the oil temperature is cool, the centre spindle of the thermostatic element is
    compressed. In this condition the valve completely seals the passage to the turbocharger feed tapping and flow is
    directed through the oil filter adaptor housing, passing from the outlet of the full-flow filter to the cylinder block via
    the rear oil return gallery in the oil cooler housing. A proportion of the oil flow from the right hand filter outlet port is
    passed through to the oil cooler matrix to supply the turbocharger oil feed line.
    When the oil temperature rises, the heated wax in the thermostat causes the thermostat centre spindle to rise and
    push against the housing end cap, compressing the valve spring further and so opening the valve. In this
    condition, oil flow from the outlet side of the full-flow filter is allowed to pass directly to the turbocharger oil feed
    line and reverses the flow through the oil cooler matrix, which now delivers a proportion of cooled oil flow to the
    cylinder block via the outlet port at the right hand side of the oil cooler housing.
    The filter canister contains a by-pass valve which opens when the engine is cold or if the filter becomes blocked.
    The by-pass valve opens when a pressure drop of greater than 1.6 kg/cm
    2(157 kPa, 23 lbf/in2) is experienced. 
    						
    							ENGINE
    21
    DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Oil pressure switch
    The oil pressure switch is located in a port on the outlet side of the oil cooler housing. It detects when a safe
    operating pressure has been reached during engine starting and initiates the illumination of a warning light in the
    instrument pack if the pressure drops below a given value. 
    						
    							12ENGINE
    22
    DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION CRANKSHAFT, SUMP AND OIL PUMP
    The crankshaft, sump and oil pump components are described below:
    Sump
    The sump is a wet-type, of aluminium construction and is sealed to the engine block by means of a rubber gasket
    and twenty fixing bolts. The four bolts at the gearbox end of the sump are longer than the other sixteen bolts.
    The sump gasket incorporates compression limiters (integrated metal sleeves) at the bolt holes, which are
    included to prevent distortion of the gasket when the sump to cylinder block bolts are being tightened.
    An oil drain plug is fitted at the bottom of the oil sump reservoir. An oil return drain pipe is also attached to the oil
    sump which returns oil from the centrifugal filter.
    Stiffener Plate
    The stiffener plate assembly provides lower engine block rigidity and utilises dowels to align it to the bottom of the
    cylinder block. A rotary oil pump is integral with the stiffener plate and an oil pick-up and strainer assembly is fitted
    to the underside of the stiffener plate. The stiffener and oil pump assembly is secured to the cylinder block by 22
    bolts. 
    						
    							ENGINE
    23
    DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Oil pump
    1.Stiffener plate
    2.Ring dowel
    3.Outlet port
    4.Outer rotor
    5.Inner rotor6.Spring dowel
    7.Oil pressure relief valve cap
    8.Oil pressure relief valve spring
    9.Oil pressure relief valve plunger
    10.Inlet port
    The eccentric rotor oil pump is integrated with the stiffener plate and contains no serviceable parts except for the
    pressure relief valve spring. The oil pump drive sprocket is attached to the front of the stiffener plate and is driven
    through a chain and sprocket system.
    A pressure relief valve is included at the outlet side of the oil pump to restrict oil pressure at high engine speeds by
    recirculating oil through the relief valve back around the pump to the inlet. The relief valve and spring is a plunger
    type. When oil pressure is great enough to lift the plunger, oil is allowed to escape past the plunger to relieve
    pressure and prevent further rise.
    Oil is delivered to the pump from the pick-up through a channel in the stiffener plate. The outlet side of the oil
    pump delivers pressurised oil flow to the engine block main oil delivery gallery through a port in the stiffener plate.
    Piston lubrication jets
    Piston lubrication jets are fitted to the cylinder block to provide lubrication to the cylinder walls and to the piston
    underskirt for cooling the pistons and lubricating the gudgeon pins. The input port to each lubrication jet mates
    with a port provided in each mounting position tapped at the underside of the cylinder block from the main oil
    delivery gallery. When oil pressure is sufficient to supply flow through the jets, oil is squirted to the inside of the
    cylinder walls to provide piston to wall lubrication and cooling and to the underside of the piston skirt at the bottom
    of the piston stroke (gallery cooled piston). The squirt jets also provide splash feed lubrication supply to the small
    end bearings of the connecting rods.
    Each lubrication jet is fixed to a mounting position on the underside of the engine block by a single Torx screw.
    Chain lubrication jet
    A chain lubrication jet is located on the front face of the cylinder block, behind the front engine timing chain cover.
    The inlet port to the lubrication jet mates with an oil supply port from the cylinder block main oil delivery gallery.
    The lubrication jet is fixed to the front of the engine block by a single screw. Additional chain lubrication is provided
    by oil supply through a small aperture tapped from the cylinder head oil delivery gallery. 
    						
    							12ENGINE
    24
    DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Crankshaft
    1.Front end to crankshaft sprocket
    2.Oil supply cross-drillings
    3.Main journals4.Big-end journals
    5.Rear end to flywheel
    The crankshaft is constructed from cast iron and is surface-hardened. The areas between the crankshaft journals
    and the adjoining webs and balance weights are compressed using the cold roll process to form journal fillets.
    Cross-drillings in the crankshaft between adjoining main and big-end bearings are used to divert lubrication oil to
    the big-end bearings.
    A torsional vibration damper is attached to the crankshaft pulley by three bolts.
    The crankshaft is carried in six main bearings, with end-float being controlled by thrust washers positioned on both
    sides of No. 3 main bearing.
    Main bearings
    There are six main bearings used to carry the crankshaft. Each of the bearing caps are of cast iron construction
    and are attached to the cylinder block by two bolts.
    The bearing shells are of the split cylindrical type. The upper half bearing shells are grooved to facilitate the supply
    of lubrication oil to the bearings and fit into a recess in the underside of the cylinder block. The lower half bearing
    shells are smooth and fit into the bearing caps.
    Steel-backed, thrust washers are included at each side of No. 3 main bearing to control crankshaft end-float. One
    side of each of the thrust washers is grooved, the grooved side of each of the thrust washers is fitted facing
    outward from No. 3 main bearing. 
    						
    							ENGINE
    25
    DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION CYLINDER HEAD COMPONENTS
    The cylinder head components are described below:
    Cylinder head
    The cylinder head is of aluminium construction. It is not possible to reface the cylinder head if it becomes worn or
    damaged. An alloy camshaft carrier is bolted directly to the upper surface of the cylinder head. Two dowels are
    included in the cylinder head upper face for correct location of the camshaft carrier.
    The EU3 cylinder head has a single internal fuel rail for delivering fuel to the injectors and an external fuel pipe for
    returning spill fuel back to the fuel connector block. Therefore, pre EU3 and EU3 cylinder heads are not
    interchangeable.
    CAUTION: The cylinder head incorporates drillings for the fuel injection system, any
    contamination which enters these drillings could cause engine running problems or injector
    failure. It is therefore, essential that absolute cleanliness is maintained when carrying out work on
    the cylinder head.
    The camshaft carrier and cylinder head assembly is attached to the cylinder block by twelve cylinder head
    retaining bolts which pass through the camshaft carrier and the cylinder head to secure the assembly to the
    cylinder block.
    CAUTION: The valve heads, tips of the injectors and glow plugs protrude below the face of the
    cylinder head and will be damaged if the cylinder head is stored face down.
    The camshaft is located between the cylinder head and the camshaft carrier, and the bearing journals are line
    bored between the two components to form a matched pair.
    CAUTION: Always fit plugs to open connections to prevent contamination.
    The valve guides and valve seat inserts are sintered components which are an interference fit to the cylinder
    head. The cylinder head machining also provide the locations for the electronic unit injectors, glow plugs, hydraulic
    lash adjusters, finger followers and low pressure fuel rail.
    Cooling to the cylinder head is provided by coolant flow through a water jacket machined into the cylinder head.
    Drillings through the block provide lubrication channels for pressurised oil supply to cylinder head components
    such as the lash adjusters, finger followers, rocker arms and camshaft bearings.
    A coolant outlet elbow is fitted to the front LH side of the cylinder head to allow flow of coolant from the cylinder
    head back to the radiator. A metal gasket is used to seal the joint between the water outlet elbow and the cylinder
    head. A coolant temperature sensor is located in a port in the side of the water outlet elbow for monitoring coolant
    temperature.
    A stub pipe is connected at the front RH side of the cylinder block above the timing cover which connects a pipe to
    supply oil to the vacuum pump. The timing chain tensioner adjuster is screwed in a thread in the cylinder head at a
    location on the front RH side of the engine below the oil feed port for the vacuum pump.
    An access hole for the camshaft gear is included at the front of the cylinder head which is sealed with a plastic
    plug and rubber’O’ring. A press-fit core plug for the chain chest is located on the front face of the cylinder head.
    A press-fit core plug for the cylinder head water jacket is located at the rear of the cylinder head and a threaded
    brass plug for the water jacket is located on the LH side of the cylinder head beneath the exhaust manifold
    assembly. 
    						
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