Garmin G1000 Manual

							190-00709-04  Rev. AGarmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850417
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
FORWARD  LOOKING TERRAIN AVOIDANCE
Reduced Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) and Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance (ROC) 
alerts	are	issued	 when	the	aircraft	 flight	path	is	above	 terrain,	 yet	is	projected	 to	come	 within	 the	minimum	
clearance	 values	in	Figure	 6-137.		 When	an	RTC	 alert	 is	issued,	 a	potential	 impact	point	is	displayed	 on	the	
Terrain-SVS	Page.
Imminent Terrain Impact (ITI) and Imminent Obstacle Impact (IOI) alerts are issued when the 
aircraft	 is	below	 the	elevation	 of	a	terrain	 or	obstacle	 cell	in	the	 aircraft’s	 projected	 path.		ITI	and	 IOI	alerts	 are	
accompanied	 by	a	potential	 impact	point	displayed	 on	the	 Terrain-SVS	 Page.		The	alert	 is	annunciated	 when	
the	projected	vertical	flight	path	is	calculated	to	come	within	minimum	clearance	altitudes	in	Figure	6-137.
        Requi red Cle ara nc e
0
1
00
2
00
3
00
4
00
5
00
6
00
7
00
8
000 510 15 20 25 30Dis ta n ce F ro m  Ru nw ay ( NM )
Requir ed  T erra in  Cle ara n ce ( FT)
Leve l ( FT )De sce ndin g ( FT )
Figure 6-137  FLTA Alert Minimum Terrain and Obstacle Clearance Values
Distance From Runway (NM)
Required Clearance (FT)
FLTA	 alerts	 are	automatically	 inhibited	when	the	aircraft	 is	less	 than	 200	feet	above	 the	destination	 runway	
elevation	while	within	0.5	nm	of	the	approach	runway	or	the	aircraft	is	between	runway	ends.  
						

							Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850190-00709-04  Rev. A418
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
SYSTEM STATUS
During	power-up,	 Terrain-SVS	 conducts	a	self-test	 of	its	 aural	 and	visual	 annunciations.	 	 An	aural	 alert	is	
issued at test completion.
Alert TypePFD/MFD* Alert 
AnnunciationAural Message
System Test in ProgressNone
System Test  PassNone“Terrain System Test OK”
Terrain System Test Fail“Terrain System Failure”
* Annunciation is displayed on the MFD when terrain display is enabled.
Table 6-17  Terrain-SVS System Test Status Annunciations
Terrain-SVS	 continually	monitors	several	system-critical	 items	such	as	database	 validity,	hardware	 status,	and	
GPS	status.	 	 If	the	 terrain/obstacle	 database	is	not	 available,	 the	aural	 message	“Terrain System Failure” is 
generated	along	with	the	‘TER	FAIL’	alert	annunciation.
Terrain-SVS	 requires	a	3-D	 GPS	 navigation	 solution	along	with	specific	 vertical	accuracy	 minimums.		 Should	
the	navigation	 solution	become	degraded	 or	if	the	 aircraft	 is	out	 of	the	 database	 coverage	 area,	the	annunciation	
‘TER	 N/A’	is	generated	 in	the	 annunciation	 window	and	on	the	 Terrain-SVS	 Page.		The	aural	 message	“Terrain 
System Not Available”	is	 generated.	 	 When	the	GPS	 signal	 is	re-established	 and	the	aircraft	 is	within	 the	
database	coverage	area,	the	aural	message	“Terrain System Available”	is	generated.
Alert Cause
PFD/MFD* 
Alert 
Annunciation
Terrain-SVS Page Center Banner 
AnnunciationAural Message
MFD Terrain or Obstacle 
database unavailable 
or invalid.  Terrain-SVS 
operating with PFD Terrain or 
Obstacle databases
NoneTERRAIN DATABASE FAILURENone
Terrain or Obstacle database 
unavailable or invalid, invalid 
software configuration, audio 
fault
TERRAIN FAIL“Terrain System Failure”
No GPS positionNO GPS POSITION“Terrain System Not Available”
“Terrain System Available” when 
GPS position returns
Excessively degraded GPS 
signal
None“Terrain System Not Available”
“Terrain System Available” when 
sufficient GPS signal is received
Out of database coverage 
area
None“Terrain System Not Available”
“Terrain System Available” when 
aircraft re-enters coverage area
* Annunciation is displayed on the MFD when terrain display is enabled.
Table 6-18  Terrain-SVS Status Annunciations  
						

							190-00709-04  Rev. AGarmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850419
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
6.7 TAWS-B
 WARNING: Do not use TAWS information for primary terrain avoidance.  TAWS is intended only to enhance 
situational awareness.
 NOTE: Terrain data is not displayed when the aircraft is outside of the terrain\
 database coverage area.
 NOTE:  The data contained in the TAWS databases comes from government agencies.  Garmin accurately 
processes and cross-validates the data but cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of \
the data.
 NOTE:  Terrain Proximity or Terrain-SVS is disabled when the TAWS-B option is installed.
TAWS-B	 (Terrain	Awareness	 and	Warning	 System	-	Class	 B)	is	an	 optional	 feature	to	increase	 situational	 awareness	
and	aid	in	reducing	 controlled	 flight	into	terrain	 (CFIT).		 TAWS-B	 provides	 visual	and	aural	 annunciations	 when	
terrain	and	obstacles	 are	within	 the	given	 altitude	 threshold	 from	the	aircraft.		 The	displayed	 alerts	and	warnings	
are advisory in nature only.
TAWS-B	satisfies	TSO-C151b	Class	B	requirements	for	certification.	
TAWS-B	requires	the	following	to	operate	properly:
•	 A	valid	terrain/obstacle/airport	terrain	database
•	 A	valid	3-D	GPS	position	solution
TAWS-B	 uses	terrain	 and	obstacle	 information	 supplied	by	government	 sources.		Terrain	information	 is	based	
on	 terrain	 elevation	 information	 in	a	database	 that	may	 contain	 inaccuracies.	 	 Individual	obstructions	 may	be	
shown	 if	available	 in	the	 database.		 The	data	 undergoes	 verification	 by	Garmin	 to	confirm	 accuracy	 of	the	 content,	
per	 TSO-C151b.		 However,	the	displayed	 information	 should	never	be	understood	 as	being	 all-inclusive	 and	data	
may	be	inaccurate.
TAWS-B	 uses	information	 provided	from	the	GPS	 receiver	 to	provide	 a	horizontal	 position	and	altitude.		 GPS	
altitude	is	derived	 from	satellite	 measurements.		 GPS	altitude	 is	then	 converted	 to	the	 height	 above	geodetic sea 
level	(GSL),	 which	 is	the	 height	 above	mean	sea	level	 (MSL)	 calculated	 geometrically.	 	 GSL	altitude	 is	used	 to	
determine	 TAWS-B	alerts.		GSL	altitude	 accuracy	 is	affected	 by	satellite	 geometry,	 but	is	not	 subject	 to	variations	
in	 pressure	 and	temperature	 that	normally	 affect	pressure	 altitude	sensors.	 	 GSL	altitude	 does	not	require	 local	
altimeter	 settings	to	determine	 MSL	altitude.	 	 It	is	 a	widely-used	 MSL	altitude	 source.	 	 Therefore,	 GSL	altitude	
provides	a	highly	accurate	and	reliable	MSL	altitude	source	to	calculate	terrain	and	obstacle	alerts.
The	terrain	 and	obstacle	 databases	 used	by	TAWS-B	 are	referenced	 to	MSL.		 Using	the	GPS	 position	 and	GSL	
altitude,	 TAWS-B	 displays	a	2-D	 picture	 of	the	 surrounding	 terrain	and	obstacles	 relative	to	the	 position	 and	
altitude	of	the	 aircraft.		 Furthermore,	 the	GPS	 position	 and	GSL	 altitude	 are	used	 to	calculate	 and	“predict”	 the	
aircraft’s	flight	path	in	relation	 to	the	 surrounding	 terrain	and	obstacles.	 	 In	this	 manner,	 TAWS-B	 can	provide	
advanced alerts of predicted dangerous terrain conditions.
Baro-corrected	 altitude	(or	indicated	 altitude)	is	derived	 by	adjusting	 the	altimeter	 setting	for	local	 atmospheric	
conditions.	 	 The	most	 accurate	 baro-corrected	 altitude	can	be	achieved	 by	frequently	 updating	the	altimeter	
setting	 to	the	 nearest	 reporting	 station	along	the	flight	 path.	 	 However,	 because	actual	atmospheric	 conditions	  
						

							Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850190-00709-04  Rev. A420
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
seldom	match	the	standard	 conditions	 defined	by	the	 International	 Standard	Atmosphere	 (ISA)	model	 (where	
pressure,	 temperature,	 and	lapse	 rates	have	fixed	 values),	 it	is	 common	 for	the	 baro-corrected	 altitude	(as	read	
from	 the	altimeter)	 to	differ	 from	the	GSL	 altitude.	 	 This	variation	 results	in	the	 aircraft’s	 GSL	altitude	 differing	
from	the	baro-corrected	altitude.
DISPLAYING TAWS-B DATA
TAWS-B	 uses	yellow	 (caution)	 and	red	(warning)	 to	depict	 terrain	 and	obstacles	 (with	heights	 greater	than	
200	feet	above	 ground	 level,	AGL)	 alerts	relative	 to	aircraft	 altitude.		 Colors	are	adjusted	 automatically	 as	the	
aircraft	 altitude	 changes.		 The	colors	 and	symbols	 in	the	 figure	 and	tables	 below	 are	used	 to	represent	 terrain,	
obstacles,		and	potential	impact	points.
.Figure 6-138  Terrain Altitude/Color Correlation for TAWS
Unlighted ObstacleLighted ObstacleObstacle Location<  1000’ AGL>  1000’ AGL<  1000’ AGL>  1000’ AGL
Red obstacle is above or within 100 ft 
below the aircraft altitude
Yellow obstacle is between 100 ft and 
1000 ft below the aircraft altitude
Table 6-19  TAWS-B Obstacle Colors and Symbology
Potential Impact 
Point SymbolAlert TypeExample   Annunciation
Warning
Caution
Table 6-20  TAWS-B Potential Impact Point Symbols with Alert Types  
						

							190-00709-04  Rev. AGarmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850421
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
The	Map	 -	TAWS-B	 Page	is	the	 principal	 page	for	viewing	 terrain	and	obstacle	 information.	 	 TAWS-B	
information	can	also	be	displayed	on	the	following	pages	and	maps	as	an	additional	reference:
•	 PFD
Displaying terrain and obstacle information (maps other than the TAWS-B Page):
1) Select the MAP Softkey (for the PFD Inset Map, select the INSET Softkey).
2) Select the TERRAIN Softkey to display terrain and obstacle data.
When	TAWS-B	 is	selected	 on	maps	 other	than	the	TAWS-B	 Page,	an	icon	 to	indicate	 the	feature	 is	enabled	
for	display	and	a	legend	with	the	TAWS-B	terrain	colors	and	annunciation	window	are	shown	(Figure	6-139).
Figure 6-139  TAWS-B Icon and Legend with Annunciation Window
The	 Navigation	 Map	Page	 Setup	 Menu	 provides	 a	means	 in	addition	 to	the	 softkey	 for	enabling/disabling	
display	 of	terrain	 and	obstacles.		 The	setup	 menu	 also	controls	 the	map	 range	 settings	 above	which	 terrain	 and	
obstacle	 data	are	decluttered	 from	the	display.		 If	a	map	 range	 larger	 than	the	map	 range	 setting	 is	selected,	 the	
data	is	removed	 from	the	map.			 For	terrain	 data,	the	enable/disable	 function	applies	only	to	the	 MFD,	 while	the	
range	setting	also	affects	the	PFD	Inset	Map.
Terrain	 data	can	be	selected	 for	display	 independently	 of	obstacle	 data;	however,	 obstacles	for	which	 warnings	
and cautions are issued are shown when terrain is selected for display and the map range is within\
 the setting 
limit.
Maps	besides	 the	TAWS-B	 Page	use	settings	 based	on	those	 selected	 for	the	 Navigation	 Map	Page.	 	 The	
maximum	 display	ranges	for	obstacles	 on	each	 map	are	dependent	 on	the	 range	 setting	 made	for	the	 Navigation	
Map.		 If	the	 maximum	 range	for	obstacle	 display	on	the	 Navigation	 Map	is	adjusted	 to	below	 20	nm,	 the	highest	
obstacle	display	range	settings	on	the	other	applicable	maps	are	also	adjusted	proportionally.
Customizing terrain and obstacle display on the Navigation Map Page:
1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With ‘Map Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-140).
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the ‘Map’ Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-141).
5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through product selections (Figure 6-142).  
						

							Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850190-00709-04  Rev. A422
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
•		TERRAIN DATA – Turns the display of terrain data on or off and sets maximum range at which terrain is shown
•		OBSTACLE DATA – Turns the display of obstacle data on or off and sets maximum range at which obstacles are shown
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to scroll through options for each product (ON/OFF, range settings).
7) Press the ENT Key to select an option.
8) Press the FMS Knob or CLR Key to return to the Navigation Map Page with the changed settings.
Figure 6-141  Navigation Map Page Setup Menu
Figure 6-140  Navigation Map Page Menu
Figure 6-142  Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Map Group
TAWS-B PAGE
The	TAWS-B	 Page	is	specialized	 to	show	 terrain,	 obstacle,	 and	potential	 impact	point	data	in	relation	 to	
the	aircraft’s	 current	altitude,	 without	clutter	from	the	basemap.	 	 Aviation	data	(airports,	 VORs,	and	other	
NAVAIDs)	 can	be	displayed	 for	reference.		 If	an	 obstacle	 and	the	projected	 flight	path	of	the	 aircraft	 intersect,	
the	display	automatically	zooms	in	to	the	closest	potential	point	of	impact	on	the	TAWS-B	Page.
Aircraft	 orientation	 on	this	 map	 is	always	 heading	 up	unless	 there	is	no	 valid	 heading.	 	 Two	views	 are	
available	 relative	to	the	 position	 of	the	 aircraft:	 the	360°	 default	 display	 and	the	radar-like	 ARC	(120°)	 display.		
Map	range	 is	adjustable	 with	the	RANGE Knob	from	 1	to	 200	 nm,	 as	indicated	 by	the	 map	 range	 rings	(or	arcs).
Displaying the TAWS-B Page:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Map Page Group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the TAWS-B Page.  
						

							190-00709-04  Rev. AGarmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850423
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
Changing the TAWS-B Page view:
1) Select the VIEW Softkey.
2) Select the 360 or ARC Softkey to select the desired view.
 Or: 
1) Press the MENU Key.
2) Select ‘View Arc’ or ‘View 360º’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key to change the view
Showing/hiding aviation information on the TAWS-B Page:
1) Press the MENU Key.
2) Select ‘Show Aviation Data’ or ‘Hide Aviation Data’, dependent on current state, and press the ENT Key.
Figure 6-143  TAWS-B Page, 360º View 
Yellow Terrain   
(Between 100’ and 1000’ 
Below the Aircraft Altitude)
Red Terrain 
(Above or Within 100’  
Below the Aircraft Altitude)
Black Terrain 
(More than 1000’ Below  the Aircraft Altitude)
Terrain Legend
Map Range Rings
Map Orientation
Current Aircraft GPS-
derived GSL Altitude
Annunciation Window  
						

							Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850190-00709-04  Rev. A424
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
Figure 6-144  TAWS-B  Page, ARC View
Yellow Terrain   
(Between 100’ and 1000’ 
Below the Aircraft Altitude)
Red Terrain 
(Above or Within 100’  
Below the Aircraft Altitude)
Black Terrain 
(More than 1000’ Below  the Aircraft Altitude)
Map Range Arc
Terrain Legend
Annunciation Window
Map Orientation
Current Aircraft GPS-
derived GSL Altitude
TAWS-B ALERTS
Alerts	 are	issued	 when	flight	conditions	 meet	parameters	 that	are	set	within	 TAWS-B	 software	algorithms.		
TAWS-B	 alerts	typically	 employ	a	CAUTION	 or	a	WARNING	 alert	severity	 level,	or	both.	 	 When	an	alert	
is	issued,	 visual	annunciations	 are	displayed	 and	aural	 alerts	 are	simultaneously	 issued.	 	Table	6-21	shows	
TAWS-B	alert	types	with	corresponding	annunciations	and	aural	messages.
When	 an	alert	 is	issued,	 annunciations	 appear	on	the	 PFD	 and	MFD.	 	 The	TAWS-B	 Alert	Annunciation	 is	
shown	to	the	 upper	 left	of	the	 Altimeter	 on	the	 PFD	 and	below	 the	Terrain	 Legend	 on	the	 MFD.		 If	the	 TAWS-B	
Page	is	not	displayed	at	the	time,	a	pop-up	alert	appears	on	the	MFD.		To	acknowledge	the	pop-up	alert:
•	 Press	the	CLR Key	(returns	to	the	currently	viewed	page),	or
•	 Press	the	ENT Key	(accesses	the	TAWS-B	Page)  
						

							190-00709-04  Rev. AGarmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850425
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
Figure 6-145  TAWS-B TERRAIN Alert Annunciation on the MFDAlert 
Annunciation
Potential 
Impact Points
Figure 6-146  
Alert Annunciation on the PFD
Alert Annunciation  
						

							Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850190-00709-04  Rev. A426
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
Figure 6-147  Alert Pop-up on the MFD
Potential 
Impact Points