GE Vivid 7 User Manual

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Using PW/CW Doppler modes
Controls and opera-
tions for PW and 
CW mode are the 
same unless other-
wise noted.There are two ways to start PW/CW Doppler:
Alter native 1:
1. Press PW or CW. A scanning screen is displayed with a 
Doppler cursor on the 2D mode image and a Doppler 
spectrum in the lower part of the screen.
2. Use the trackball to position the Doppler cursor line and in 
PW the sample volume location over the area of interest.
Sample Volume ad-
justment may affect 
the Scale, Frame 
rate and LV rej. set-
tings.3. In PW, with the Soft menu rocker key, adjust the sample 
Volume (SV):
To enlarge the SV, press the Right arrow of the rocker
To narrow the SV, press the Left arrow of the rocker.
Alter native 2:
1. Press CURSOR on the control panel. A cursor line is 
displayed on the 2D image.
2. With the trackball adjust the position of the cursor line.
3. Press 
PW or CW.
Optimizing PW/CW Doppler modes
Refer to page 400 
about creating pre-
setsThe use of preset gives optimum performance with minimum 
adjustment. If necessary, the following controls can be adjusted 
to further optimize the PW/CW modes display:
• Adjust the Active mode gain to set the gain in the spectral 
Doppler area.
• Adjust Low velocity reject to reduce unwanted low 
velocity blood flow and tissue movement.
•  In PW mode, adjust Sample volume to low setting for 
better resolution, or higher setting to more easily locate the 
disturbed flows.
• Adjust the Compress setting to balance the effect of 
stronger and weaker echoes and obtain the desired 
intensity display.
Frequency and 
Frame rate settings 
may affect the Low 
Velocity Reject.• Adjust Frequency to optimize flow display. Higher setting 
will improve resolution and the lower setting will increase 
the depth penetration.
• Adjust Frame rate to a higher setting to improve motion 
detection, or to a lower setting to improve resolution. 
						

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The Doppler Power 
setting affects only 
Doppler operating 
modes.•  Adjust Power to obtain an acceptable image using the 
lowest setting possible. This is particularly important in CW 
mode, as the energy duty cycle is 100% (constant).
Adjust the following settings to further optimize the display of 
the image.
• Use the Horizontal sweep to optimize the sweep speed.
•  To view signal detail, use the Velocity range to enlarge the 
vertical spectral Doppler trace.
• Use Invert to reverse the vertical component of the spectral 
Doppler area of the display.
• Use Angle correction to steer the ultrasound beam to the 
blood flow to be measured (Not typically required during 
cardiac studies).
CAUTIONUse all noise reduction controls with care. Excessive 
application may obscure low level diagnostic information. 
						

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Tissue Velocity Imaging (TVI)
TVI over view
 Figure 3-10: The TVI Mode screen 
1. Color sector marker
2. Status window:
3. Soft menu
Controls marked with R 
are also available in 
freeze and cine replay. 
						

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 Figure 3-11: The TVI Mode controls on the front panel 
Tissue Velocity Imaging (TVI) calculates and color-codes the 
velocities in tissue. The tissue velocity information is acquired 
by sampling of tissue Doppler velocity values at discrete points. 
The information is stored in a combined format with greyscale 
imaging during one or several cardiac cycles with high 
temporal resolution.
1. Assignable keys:
• 2D Width
• Scale
• Baseline R
• Invert R
• Simultaneous R
• Dual focus
• Color maps
• Cineloop (Freeze 
only)
• Q-Analysis (Freeze 
only)
ALT
• Curved AMM R
• AMM R
• Tissue Tracking R
• Strain rate R
• Strain R
2. Zoom
• Display zoom
• HR zoom
3. Soft menu
• Frame rate
• Compress R
• Reject
• Frequency
• Lateral avg.
• Radial avg.
• Baseline R
• Power
4. Freeze
5. TVI
6. 2D
7. Alternatives
Controls marked with R are 
also available in freeze and 
cine replay
4
6
7
1
2
3
5 
						

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TVI controls
TVI assignable controls
2D width
Controls the angular width of the 2D image sector.
Lower scale value 
allows greater depth 
and lower Nyquist 
limit.Scale
Adjusts the repetition rate of the Doppler pulses transmitted to 
acquire the data for color mapping.The Scale value influences 
the Nyquist limit (the ability to detect maximal velocity without 
color-aliasing).
Invert
Enables the color scheme assigned to positive and negative 
tissue velocities to be inverted. Invert is available in live and 
cine replay.
Simultaneous
Enables simultaneous display of 2D image and 2D image with 
TVI color.
Dual focus
Activates Dual focus mode. To adjust the Dual focus, press 
ACT. MODE and rotate the FOCUS assignable.
Cineloop (in Freeze only)
Starts cineloop acquisition.
Color maps
Displays a menu of color map options. Use the trackball to 
point a color map and press 
SELECT to activate a desired color 
map. Each color map is assigning different color hues to 
different velocities.
Q-analysis (in Freeze only)
Starts the Quantitative analysis application (see Chapter 7, 
’Quantitative Analysis’ on page 233). 
						

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Alter native assignable controls
Press ALT to access to the following modes:
•  Curved Anatomical M-Mode (see page 98)
•  Tissue Synchronization Imaging (see page 142)
•  Tissue Tracking (see page 125)
•  Strain rate (see page 130)
• Strain (see page 136)
TVI Soft menu controls
Frame rate
Controls the line density. When adjusting frame rate, there is a 
trade off between spatial and temporal resolution.
Compress
Controls the amount of color compression. The color bar is 
adjusted accordingly.
Reject (low velocity rejection)
Adjust the cut-off level for the low velocity of TVI to be 
discarded when generating the color image.
Threshold
Controls the level of greyscale intensity that is used as a 
threshold for color.
Transparency
Controls the degree of transparency of the TVI color.
Frequency
Enables the adjustment of the transmission frequency to 
control the sensitivity or the level of penetration.
Lateral Averaging
Use Averaging con-
trols with caution 
so as not to obscure 
significant diagnos-
tic informationSmooths the image by averaging collected data along the 
same horizontal line. An increase of the lateral averaging will 
reduce noise, but this will also reduce the lateral resolution.
Radial Averaging
Smooths the image by averaging collected data along the 
same radial line. An increase of the radial averaging will reduce 
noise, but this will also reduce the radial resolution. 
						

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Baseline
Adjusts the color map to emphasize tissue motion either toward 
or away from the probe. Baseline is available in both Live and 
Freeze.
When power is re-
duced, it reduces 
the signal-to-noise 
ratio, so that the im-
age may appear 
noisier.Power
Controls the amount of acoustic power applied in all modes. 
When power is set to maximum, it is equal to or less than the 
maximum acoustic power level permitted by regulatory 
standards. The Thermal Index (TI) and the Mechanical Index 
(MI) are displayed on the screen. 
						

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Using TVI
1. Select the desired probe.
2. While in 2D mode press 
TVI on the control panel.
Optimizing TVI
Refer to page 400 
about creating pre-
sets.The use of preset gives optimum performance with minimum 
adjustment. If necessary, the following controls can be adjusted 
to further optimize the TVI display:
The Scale value also 
affects the frame 
rate. There is a trade 
off between the 
frame rate and 
quantification 
noise.•  To reduce quantification noise (variance), the Nyquist limit 
should be as low as possible, without creating aliasing. To 
reduce the Nyquist limit: Reduce the Scale value from the 
assignables on the control panel.
PW will be opti-
mized for Tissue 
Velocities when ac-
tivated from inside 
TVI.•  TVI provides velocity information only in the beam direction. 
The apical view typically provides the best window since the 
beams are then approximately aligned to the longitudinal 
direction of the myocardium (except near the apex). To 
obtain radial or circumferential tissue velocities, a 
parasternal view must be used. However, from this window 
the beam cannot be aligned to the muscle for all the parts 
of the ventricle. 
						

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Tissue Tracking
Tissue Tracking over view
 Figure 3-12: The Tissue Tracking Mode screen 
1. Color sector marker
2. Tissue Tracking 
color bar
3. Status window
4. Soft menu
5. Track start and track 
end markers
6. Tracking start and 
end from R-peak
Controls marked with R 
are also available in 
freeze and cine replay. 
						

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 Figure 3-13: The Tissue Tracking controls on the front panel
Tissue Tracking calculates and color-codes the displacement in 
the tissue over a given time interval, typically the systole. The 
displacement is defined as the distance the tissue move during 
this time interval. The displacement is found as the time 
integral (sum) of the tissue velocities during this interval.
Only displacements in the beam direction are found. Only 
positive (systolic) displacements are mapped into colors, 
negative displacements are mapped into greyscale.
1. Assignable keys:
• Track start R
• Track end R
• Track scale R
• Invert R
• Simultaneous R
• Color maps R
• Cineloop (Freeze 
only)
• Q-Analysis (Freeze 
only)
MORE
• 2D width
ALT
• Curved AMM R
• AMM R
• Tissue Tracking R
• Strain rate R
• Strain R
2. Zoom
3. Soft menu:
• Frame rate
• Transparency R
• Threshold R
• Frequency
• Lateral avg.
• Radial avg.
• Power
• Cine compound 
(Freeze only)
4. Freeze
5. TVI
6. 2D
Controls marked with R are 
also available in freeze and 
cine replay
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6
1
2
3
5