GE Vivid 7 User Manual
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Scanning Modes Vivid7/Vivid7 PRO Users Manual137 FC092326-03 Figure 3-17: The Strain Mode controls on the front panel Strain calculates and color-codes the extent of tissue deformation (lengthening or shortening) relative to the original size over a given time interval, typically the systole. 1. Assignable keys: • Strain start R • Strain end R • Strain scale R • Invert R • Simultaneous R • Color maps R • Q-Analysis (Freeze only) • Cineloop (Freeze only) MORE • 2D width ALT • Curved AMM R • AMM R • Tissue Tracking R • Strain rate R • Strain R 2. Zoom • Display zoom • HR zoom 3. Soft menu: • Frame rate • Strain Length R • Strain Reject R • Compress R • Transparency R • Threshold R • Frequency • Lateral avg. • Radial avg. • Power • Cine compound R (Freeze only) 4. Freeze 5. TVI 6. 2D Controls marked with R are also available in freeze and cine replay 4 6 7 1 2 3 5
Scanning Modes 138Vivid7/Vivid7 PRO Users Manual FC092326-03 Strain controls Strain assignable controls Strain start The time after ECG R-peak when the strain calculation should start. The strain start time is displayed on the screen and is represented on the ECG by a red marker. Strain end The time after strain start when the strain calculation should end. The strain end time is displayed on the screen and is represented on the ECG by a red marker. Strain scale Defines the scale for the color coding of the tissue deformation. Invert Enables the color scheme assigned to shortening and elongation tissue deformation to be inverted. Invert is available in live and cine replay. Simultaneous Enables simultaneous display of 2D image and 2D image with St ra i n c o lo r. Color maps Displays a menu of color map options. Use the trackball to point a color map and press SELECT to activate a desired color map. Q-analysis (in Freeze only) Starts the Quantitative analysis application (see Chapter 7, ’Quantitative Analysis’ on page 233). Cineloop (in Freeze only) Starts cineloop acquisition. 2D width (More menu) Controls the angular width of the 2D image sector. Alter native assignable controls Press ALT to access to the following modes:
Scanning Modes Vivid7/Vivid7 PRO Users Manual139 FC092326-03 • Curved Anatomical M-Mode (see page 98) • Tissue Synchronization Imaging (see page 142) • Tissue Tracking (see page 125) • Strain rate (see page 130) • Strain (see page 136) Strain Soft menu controls Frame rate Controls the line density. When adjusting frame rate, there is a trade off between spatial and temporal resolution. Strain length Determines the strain sample volume size. Strain Reject Adjust the cut-off level of the low tissue velocity to be discarded when generating the color image. Rejected values are uncolored. Compress Controls the amount of color compression. The color bar is adjusted accordingly. Transparency Control the degree of transparency of the strain color. Threshold Controls the level of greyscale intensity that is used as threshold for color. Frequency Enables the adjustment of the transmission frequency to control the sensitivity or the level of penetration. Lateral Averaging Smooths the image by averaging collected data along the same horizontal line. An increase of the lateral averaging will reduce noise, but this will also reduce the lateral resolution.
Scanning Modes 140Vivid7/Vivid7 PRO Users Manual FC092326-03 Use Averaging con- trols with caution so as not to obscure significant diagnos- tic information.Radial Averaging Smooths the image by averaging collected data along the same radial line. An increase of the radial averaging will reduce noise, but this will also reduce the radial resolution. Power Controls the amount of acoustic power applied. When power is reduced the signal to noise ratio is reduced, so that the image may become noisier. Cine Compound (Freeze only) Calculates and displays cineloops generated from a temporal averaging of multiple consecutive heart cycles. The number of cycles averaged is controlled from the Soft menu rocker. The number of averaged cycles i displayed on the top left corner.
Scanning Modes Vivid7/Vivid7 PRO Users Manual141 FC092326-03 Using Strain 1. From TVI Mode, press ALT on the control panel and press STRAIN. 2. Adjust STRAIN START close to the R-peak. 3. Adjust STRAIN END near the T-wave. Optimizing Strain • From an optimized Strain rate display adjust strain tracking to pick out the systolic phase. • The main use of Strain is to map negative systolic deformation. This means that STRAIN START and STRAIN END should be adjusted to pick out the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle: Adjust STRAIN START close to the R-Peak. Adjust STRAIN END near the T-wave. • Positive deformation can be mapped by pressing INVERT. STRAIN START and STRAIN END must then be adjusted to pick out the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle. • The maximum deformation that is color-coded can be adjusted using the STRAIN SCALE assignable. If set too low, most of the wall will show the color indicating maximum deformation. If set too high, the maximum deformation color is never reached. • Strain provides velocity information only in the beam direction. The apical view typically provides the best window since the beams are then approximately aligned to the longitudinal direction of the myocardium (except near the apex).
Scanning Modes 142Vivid7/Vivid7 PRO Users Manual FC092326-03 Tissue Synchronization Imaging (TSI) TSI over view Figure 3-18: The TSI mode screen 1. TSI start/end 2. TSI start and end markers 3. TSI color bar 4. Status window 5. Soft menu Controls marked with R are also available in freeze and cine replay.
Scanning Modes Vivid7/Vivid7 PRO Users Manual143 FC092326-03 Figure 3-19: The TSI mode controls on the front panel TSI calculates and color-codes the time from onset of QRS to a detected event, typically the time to peak systolic velocity. 1. Assignable keys: • Frame rate • TSI R • Simultaneous R • Color maps R • Cineloop (Freeze only) • Q-Analysis (Freeze only) MORE • 2D width • TSI start R • TSI end R ALT • Curved AMM R • AMM R • Tissue Tracking R • Strain rate R • Strain R 2. Zoom 3. Soft menu: • TSI Cut-off R • Threshold R • Transparency R • Frequency • Power • Cine compound (Freeze only) 4. Freeze 5. TVI 6. 2D Controls marked with R are also available in freeze and cine replay 4 6 1 2 3 5
Scanning Modes 144Vivid7/Vivid7 PRO Users Manual FC092326-03 TSI controls TSI assignable controls Frame rate Controls the line density. When adjusting frame rate, there is a trade off between spatial and temporal resolution. TSI Starts/stops TSI. Q-analysis (in Freeze only) Starts the Quantitative analysis application (see Chapter 7, ’Quantitative Analysis’ on page 233). Simultaneous Enables simultaneous display of 2D image and 2D image with TSI color. Cineloop (in Freeze only) Starts cineloop acquisition. Color maps Displays a menu of color map options. Use the trackball to point a color map and press SELECT to activate a desired color map. TSI start The time from the onset of QRS when TSI starts, indicated by a red marker on the ECG. The default value is set to approximate the time for start ejection and by the value on the left side of the color bar. Press MORE to access this control. TSI end The time after TSI start when TSI ends, indicated by a red marker on the ECG. The default value is set to approximate the aortic valve closure and by the value on the right side of the color bar. Press MORE to access this control.
Scanning Modes Vivid7/Vivid7 PRO Users Manual145 FC092326-03 Alter native assignable controls Press ALT to access to the following modes: • Curved Anatomical M-Mode (see page 98) • Tissue Synchronization Imaging (see page 142) • Tissue Tracking (see page 125) • Strain rate (see page 130) • Strain (see page 136) TSI Soft menu controls TSI Cut-off Controls the cut-off time: using this control it is possible to color all parts of the TSI image that has a time to peak less than a certain cutoff time. Threshold Controls the level of greyscale intensity that is used as threshold for color. Transparency Control the degree of transparency of the strain color. Frequency Enables the adjustment of the transmission frequency to control the sensitivity or the level of penetration. Power Controls the amount of acoustic power applied. When power is reduced the signal to noise ratio is reduced, so that the image may become noisier. Cine Compound (Freeze only) Calculates and displays cineloops generated from a temporal averaging of multiple consecutive heart cycles. The number of cycles averaged is controlled from the Soft menu rocker. The number of averaged cycles i displayed on the top left corner.
Scanning Modes 146Vivid7/Vivid7 PRO Users Manual FC092326-03 Using TSI 1. From TVI, Tissue Tracking, Strain or Strain rate mode, select TSI. 2. Press MORE and adjust TSI START and TSI END. 3. Optionally adjust THRESHOLD. Optimizing TSI • Use apical view when imaging. • Activate TSI from an optimized TVI or Strain rate display. • To detect regions with post-systolic contraction, adjust TSI START to start ejection to avoid detecting IVC peaks and TSI END to mitral valve opening or later. Regions with post- systolic contraction will show up in red. • To detect asynchronous regions, adjust TSI START to start ejection to avoid detecting IVC peaks and TSI END to aortic valve closure. Regions colored in red have delayed peak velocity compared to regions colored in green.