GE Logiq P5 User Manual

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Chapter 7
General Measurements and
Calculations
Describes how to perform general measurements and 
calculations. 
						

							General Measurements and Calculations
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Introduction
Measurements and calculations derived from ultrasound images 
are intended to supplement other clinical procedures available 
to the attending physician. The accuracy of measurements is not 
only determined by system accuracy, but also by the use of 
proper medical protocols by the user. When appropriate, be sure 
to note any protocols associated with a particular measurement 
or calculation. Formulas and databases used within the system 
software that are associated with specific investigators are so 
noted. Be sure to refer to the original article describing the 
investigators recommended clinical procedures.
Overview
This section provides information about taking measurements 
and describes calculations available in each mode. It includes 
the following topics:
• Exam workflow
•  Location of measurement controls
• Description of calipers
•  List of generic measurements
•  General information about taking measurements
•  Mode Measurements: Step-by-step instructions for taking 
specific measurements, organized by mode
•  Basic steps to view and edit worksheets 
						

							Introduction
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Exam workflow
For each patient, the system organizes information by exam 
category, study, and measurement. The definitions of these 
terms are as follows:
• Exam Category – the highest level of an ultrasound exam. 
Categories include the following:
• Abdomen
• Obstetrics
• Gynecology
• Cardiology
• Vascular
• Urology
• Small Parts
• Pediatrics
• Study – a logical grouping of measurements. After you 
choose an exam category, the system allows you to select a 
study. For example, when you choose the Obstetrics exam 
category, you can choose one of the following studies:
• Generic
• OB-1
• OB-2/3
• OB-General
• Fetal Heart
• OB/GYN Vessel
• Measurement – the measurements and calculations 
needed to analyze an item of anatomy. For example, a 
femur length is a measurement. A measurement can 
include several pieces of measurement data. For example, 
to calculate the area of a gestational sac, you need to 
measure width, length, and depth. 
						

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Exam workflow (continued)
The following shows a workflow example for an obstetrics exam. 
For details on how to start a new patient, See ‘Beginning a New 
Patient’ for more information.
         NEW PATIENT
 (Exam Category)
Abdomen             OBSTETRICSGynecology Cardiology Pediatrics
(Study)
Generic                  OB-1OB-2/3 OB-General Fetal Heart
(Measurement)
                    GSCRL BPD FL 
						

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Location of Measurement Controls
 Figure 7-1. Locating Measurement Controls
1. Measure. Activates a measurement caliper and the 
associated calculation package.
2. Set. Fixes the caliper for measurements and completes the 
measurement sequence.
3. Clear. During a measurement sequence, erases the 
measuring caliper and measurement data from the display. 
When not performing a measurement sequence, clears all 
calipers and measurements from the display.
4. Ellipse.  After the first caliper for a distance measurement 
has been set and the second caliper positioned, activates 
the area/ellipse measurement function. During the ellipse 
adjustment, use to increase or decrease the size of the 
ellipse.
5. Trackball. Moves the measurement calipers, selects the 
measurement on the Summary Window, or selects items on 
the Touch Panel.
Zoom
Scan Area
Set M/D Cursor
Clear
Comment
Ellipse Body PatternMeasure
1
5 4
3
2 
						

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Description of calipers
While you are making a measurement, the measurement caliper 
is either active (open plus sign) or fixed (closed plus sign). An 
active caliper is yellow and a fixed caliper is green.
The system allows you to identify measurements by number or 
by unique symbol. If you choose Number as the Cursor Type, 
after you complete a measurement, it is assigned a number. If 
you choose Symbol as the Cursor Type, after you complete a 
measurement, the caliper symbol changes to one of the nine 
shown below. The symbols are used in sequence as listed. The 
first symbol is used for the first measurement, the second 
symbol for the second measurement, and so on. The numbers 
or symbols also identify measurements in the Results Window.
 Figure 7-2. Fixed Caliper Symbols
For information about how to choose Cursor Type of Number or 
Symbol, see Table 16-11.
Measurement line display
While you are making a measurement, the system displays a 
dotted line to show the measurement. After you press Set to 
complete the measurement, if Cursor Line Display is On, the 
dotted line remains on the display. If Cursor Line Display is Off, 
the system erases the dotted line after you press Set and only 
the measurement calipers with a number or symbol are 
displayed. For information about how to turn Cursor Line Display 
On or Off, see Table 16-11. 
						

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List of general measurements
The following table shows the types of general measurements 
available when you press Measure but do not choose a specific 
calculation. The type of measurement depends on the current 
scan mode and the number of times Measure is pressed.
NOTE:  The type of measurement repeats as you press Measure. For 
example, in M–Mode, when you press Measure the fourth time, 
the Tissue depth measurement is available, and so on. Table 7-1: General Measurements by Mode
If you press 
Measure
(while frozen)MODE
B and CF DopplerM
Once • Distance
• Circumference and area 
(ellipse)Velocity Tissue depth
Twice Circumference and area 
(trace)TAMAX, TAMIN, and 
TA M E A NTim e interval
Three times Two velocities, 
slope, and time intervalDepth difference, slope, 
and time interval
Four times  Time interval 
						

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General Instructions
You can take measurements in all modes and image formats, 
including real-time, frozen, CINE, or VCR playback. After you 
select an exam category, the available calculations are 
displayed on the Touch Panel.
Measurement and calculation results
As you take measurements, each measurement is given a 
sequential number on the display and in the Results Window. 
The system can display nine measurements on the screen at 
one time. 
While you are taking a measurement, the value in the Results 
Window updates until you complete the measurement.
Once the Results Window has nine measurements, if you make 
any further measurements, the system erases the first 
measurement and adds the new measurement (first in, first 
out).
Selecting a calculation
When you take measurements, you can select the calculation 
before you take the measurement or after you take it. For 
example, in Obstetrics, if you select the calculation before you 
take the measurement, the estimated fetal age is displayed as 
you take the measurement. If you select the calculation after you 
take the measurement, the estimated fetal age is displayed after 
you complete the measurement.
NOTE:  After you take a measurement, if you select a calculation and 
the measurement is not applicable for the calculation, then the 
system assumes you want to start the calculation. The system 
then uses the calculation for the next measurement. 
						

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Selecting a calculation (continued)
If there is a measurement listed in the Results Window that has 
not been assigned a calculation, to assign the measurement:
1. Press Measure.
2.  To select the measurement in the Results Window, move 
the Trackball to the measurement.
The measurement is highlighted.
3. Press Set.
The system displays a list of applicable calculations. For 
example, if it is a distance measurement, the list includes all 
distance calculations for the current study.
4.  To select an item in the list, move the Trackball to highlight 
the item and press Set.
The system assigns the calculation to the measurement.
Selecting a measurement in a different category
While scanning a patient, you may find that you want to measure 
an item that is not in the current exam category. To select a 
calculation from a different exam category:
1.  To display studies for the current category, press Measure. 
2.  On the Touch Panel, select Exam Calcs. 
3.  On the Touch Panel, select Exam Category. 
The system lists exam categories.
4.  Select the category that has the calculation you want to 
make.
The system displays the Touch Panel for the selected exam 
category.
5.  Select the study and the desired measurement.
6.  After you complete the measurement, to return to the 
original exam category, repeat steps 1–4.
NOTE: The measure WILL NOT appear on the original exam category.  
						

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Specifying measurement and display options
The Options tab allows you to specify the following 
measurement and display options:
•  Whether to display the Results Window and Summary 
Window
•  The cursor size 
•  The number of heart rate cycles to use to calculate heart 
rate
•  Where to position the Results Window on the monitor 
display
•  Choose whether the Doppler waveform is automatically or 
manually traced.
 Figure 7-3. Measurement and Display Options