2012 Na Yamaha Super Tenere Manual

							
haha FEATURES
1-12
Wheel slip and hydraulic control
The ABS ECU calculates the wheel speed of each wheel according to the rotation signal received from 
the front and rear wheel sensors. In addition, the ABS ECU calculates th\
e vehicle chassis speed and 
the rate of speed reduction based on the wheel speed values.
The difference between the chassis speed and the wheel speed calculated in the slip ratio formula is 
equal to the wheel slip. When the wheel speed is suddenly reduced, the wheel has a tendency to lo\
ck. 
When the wheel slip and the wheel speed reduction rate exceed the preset values, the ABS ECU de-
termines that the wheel has a tendency to lock.
If the slip is large and the wheel has a tendency to lock (point  “A” in the following figure), the ABS ECU 
reduces the hydraulic pressure in the brake caliper. Once the ABS ECU determines that the tendency 
of the wheel to lock has diminished after the hydraulic pressure is reduced, it increases the hydraulic 
pressure (point “B”  in the following figure). The hydraulic pressure is initially increased quickly, and then 
it is increased gradually.
b
c
aA
d
a e
f
g d
B
a. Friction force between the tire and road surface
b. Brake force
c. Side force
d. Slip ratio (%) e. Less slippery road surface
f. Controlling zone
g. Slippery road surface    
						

							
haha FEATURES
1-13
ABS operation and vehicle control
If the ABS starts operating, there is a tendency of the wheel to lock, and the vehicle is approaching the 
limit of control. To make the rider aware of this condition, the ABS has been designed to generate a 
reaction-force pulsating action in the brake lever and brake pedal independently.
TIP
When the ABS is activated, a pulsating action may be felt at the brake l\
ever or brake pedal, but this 
does not indicate a malfunction.
The higher the side force on a tire, the less traction there is available for braking. This is true whether 
the vehicle is equipped with ABS or not. Therefore, sudden braking while cornering is not recommend-
ed. Excessive side force, which ABS cannot prevent, could cause the tire to slip sidew\
ays.
WARNING
EWA23P1023
The braking of the vehicle, even in the worst case, is principally executed when the v\
ehicle is 
advancing straight ahead. During a turn, sudden braking is liable to cause a loss of traction of 
the tires. Even vehicles equipped with ABS cannot be prevented from falling over if braked sud-
denly.
The ABS functions to prevent the tendency of the wheel to lock by controlling the hydr\
aulic pressure. 
However, if there is a tendency of the wheel to lock on a slippery road surface, due to engine braking, 
the ABS may not be able to prevent the wheel from locking.
WARNING
EWA23P1024
The ABS controls only the tendency of the wheel to lock caused by applying the brakes. The 
ABS cannot prevent wheel lock on slippery surfaces, such as ice, when it is caused by engine 
braking, even if the ABS is operating.
dd ede
A A
B B A
AB
B A
A
B
B
b
c
a
e
a. Chassis speed
b. Wheel speed
c. Brake force
d. Depressurizing phase
e. Pressurizing phase  
						

							
haha FEATURES
1-14
Electronic ABS features
The Yamaha ABS (anti-lock brake system) has been developed with the most advanced electronic 
technology.
The ABS also includes a highly developed self-diagnosis function. The ABS has been designed to op-
erate as a conventional brake system if the ABS malfunctions. Also, ther\
e may be little or no additional 
rear brake force provided by the UBS. If the UBS does not operate, the front and rear brakes will oper-
ate independently according to the rider input, and the respective brake force will be the same as during 
normal braking. When the brake lever is squeezed, only the front brakes will operate and when the 
brake pedal is depressed, only the rear brake will operate.
a. Friction force between the tire and road  surface
b. Brake force c. Side force
d. Slip ratio (%)   
						

							
haha FEATURES
1-15
ABS block diagram
EAS23P1062
ABS COMPONENT FUNCTIONS
Wheel sensors and wheel sensor rotors
Wheel sensors  “1” detect the wheel rotation speed and transmit the wheel rotation signal to the ABS 
ECU.
Each wheel sensor contains an MR sensor. The wheel sensors are installed in the sensor housing for 
each wheel.
Sensor rotors “2”  are installed on the inner side of the front and rear wheel hubs and rotate with the 
wheels.
The front and rear sensor rotors each have 92 magnetic poles (46 pairs) and are installed close to the 
wheel sensors. As the sensor rotor rotates, the MR element in the MR sensor installed in the wheel 
sensor generates the voltage which is proportional to the magnetic flux density, and the generated volt-
age is processed for waveform shaping in the MR sensor to output.
The ABS ECU calculates the wheel rotation speed by detecting the pulse f\
requency.
12
10 7 7
13
13 5
6 3
4
15 14
14
16
17 1212 11
99
8
1. Front brake master cylinder
2.
 Rear brake master cylinder
3. Hydraulic unit assembly
4. Rear brake master cylinder pressure sensor
5. Separation solenoid valve
6. Shuttle solenoid valve
7. Damping chamber
8. ABS motor
9. Hydraulic pump 10. Front brake master cylinder pressure sensor
11. Check valve
12. Buffer chamber
13. Inlet solenoid valve
14. Outlet solenoid valve
15. Rear brake caliper pressure sensor
16. Rear brake caliper
17. Front brake calipers  
						

							
haha FEATURES
1-16
ABS warning light
The ABS warning light  “1” comes on to warn the rider if a malfunction in the ABS occurs.
When the main switch is set to  “ON ”, the ABS warning light comes on for 2 seconds, then goes off, so 
that the rider can check if the ABS warning light is disconnected and check if the ABS is operating prop-
erly.
NOTICE
ECA23P1056
If the rear wheel is raced with the vehicle on the centerstand, the ABS \
warning light may flash 
or come on. If this occurs, set the main switch to “ OFF”, then back to  “ON ”. Start the engine. 
Gently ride the XTZ12B(C) up to 20 km/h (12 mi/h) on straight road without a hard acceleration. 
The reset will start and the ABS indicator light will be turned off.
2
2
1
1
73
7
4
5 8
8
6
3. At low speed
4. At high speed
5. Wheel sensor
6. Wheel sensor rotor 7. Voltage
8. Time
1   
						

							
haha FEATURES
1-17
Hydraulic unit assembly
The hydraulic unit assembly  “1” is composed of hydraulic control valves (outlet solenoid valves, inlet 
solenoid valves, a shuttle solenoid valve, and a separation solenoid valve), buffer chambers, damping 
chambers, hydraulic pumps, an ABS motor, hydraulic pressure sensors (front brake master cylinder 
pressure sensor, rear brake master cylinder pressure sensor, and rear brake calip\
er pressure sensor), 
and an ABS ECU. The hydraulic unit adjusts the front and rear wheel hydraulic pressure to control the 
wheel speed according to signals transmitted from the ABS ECU.
Hydraulic control valves
There are four types of hydraulic control valves: inlet solenoid valve, outlet solenoid valve, shuttle so-
lenoid valve, and separation solenoid valve. The electromagnetic force generated in the inlet solenoid 
valve varies proportionally with the duty cycle control voltage that is supplied to it. Since this voltage is 
continuously variable, the solenoid valve moves smoothly and the hydraulic pressure is adjusted linear-
ly.
1. Inlet solenoid valve
This valve is open during normal braking and UBS operation.
The valve opens and closes during ABS operation to adjust the hydraulic \
pressure input from the 
brake lever or brake pedal.
2. Outlet solenoid valve This valve is closed during normal braking and UBS operation.
The valve opens during ABS operation to reduce the hydraulic pressure.
3. Separation solenoid valve This valve is open when the brake pedal is depressed, but the valve opens and closes during UBS 
operation to adjust the hydraulic pressure.
The valve opens if the ABS operates when the brake pedal is depressed, b\
ut the valve opens and 
closes to adjust the hydraulic pressure if the ABS operates during UBS o\
peration.
4. Shuttle solenoid valve This valve is closed when the brake pedal is depressed, but the valve opens during UBS operation 
to pressurize the rear brake caliper.
The valve closes if the ABS operates when the brake pedal is depressed, but the valve opens and 
closes to adjust the hydraulic pressure if the ABS operates during UBS o\
peration.
ABS ECU
The ABS ECU is integrated with the hydraulic unit to achieve a compact and lightweight design. As 
shown in the following block diagram, the ABS ECU receives wheel sensor signals from the front and 
rear wheels and also receives signals from other monitor circuits.
1  
						

							
haha FEATURES
1-18
The necessary actions are confirmed using the monitor circuit and control signals are transmitted to the 
hydraulic unit assembly.
ABS control operation
The ABS control operation performed in the ABS ECU is divided into the following two parts.
 Hydraulic control
 Self-diagnosis
When a malfunction is detected in the ABS, a fault code is stored in the memory of the ABS ECU for 
easy problem identification and troubleshooting.
TIP
 Some types of malfunctions are not recorded in the memory of the ABS ECU (e.g., a blown ABS so-
lenoid fuse).
14
7
4
5
6
2 3
1 9
10
11 12
13 1715
26 22
24
25 23
28 29
30
31 32 33
18 19 20 21
16
27 8
1. Battery
2. AC magneto
3. Rectifier/regulator
4. Main fuse
5. Main switch
6. ABS ECU fuse
7. ABS motor fuse
8. ABS solenoid fuse
9. Front brake light switch
10. Rear brake light switch
11. Tail/brake light
12. Hydraulic unit assembly
13. ABS ECU
14. Solenoid relay
15. ABS motor relay
16. Front brake inlet solenoid
17. Front brake outlet solenoid 18. Rear brake inlet solenoid
19. Rear brake outlet solenoid
20. Separation solenoid valve
21. Shuttle solenoid valve
22. ABS motor
23. Meter assembly
24. ABS warning light
25. Speedometer
26. ABS test coupler
27. Rear wheel sensor
28. Front wheel sensor
29. Start switch
30. Starting circuit cut-off relay
31. Starter motor
32. Starter relay
33. ECU (engine control unit)  
						

							
haha FEATURES
1-19
 The ABS performs a self-diagnosis test for a few seconds each time the vehicle first starts off after the 
main switch was set to “ ON”. During this test, a “ clicking” noise can be heard from under the seat, and 
if the brake lever or brake pedal is even slightly operated, a vibration can be felt at the lever and pedal, 
but these do not indicate a malfunction.
2 1
3
4
5
6
7
8
1. Software operation flow
2. Main switch  “ON ”
3. Initialize
4. Self-diagnosis (when static)
5. Self-diagnosis (when riding)
6. Receive signals
7. Control operation
8. Depressurize/pressurize  
						

							
haha FEATURES
1-20
EAS23P1063
UBS AND ABS OPERATION
The ABS hydraulic circuit consists of two systems: one for the front wheel and one for the rear wheel.
Normal braking (ABS not activated and UBS not activated)
Front brakes:
When the ABS is not activated, the inlet solenoid valve is open and the outlet solenoid valve is closed 
because a control signal has not been transmitted from the ABS ECU. Therefore, when the brake lever 
is squeezed, the hydraulic pressure in the front brake master cylinder increases and the brake fluid is 
sent to the front brake calipers. At this time, the hydraulic pump check\
 valve is closed. The front brake 
master cylinder directly pressurizes the front brake calipers during normal braking. When the brake le-
ver is released, the brake fluid in the front brake calipers returns to the front brake master cylinder.
Rear brake:
When the ABS is not activated, the inlet solenoid valve and separation solenoid valve are open and the 
outlet solenoid valve and shuttle solenoid valve are closed because a control signal has not been trans-
mitted from the ABS ECU. Therefore, when the brake pedal is depressed, the hydraulic pressure in the 
rear brake master cylinder increases and the brake fluid is sent to the rear brake caliper\
. At this time, 
the hydraulic pump check valve is closed. The rear brake master cylinder directly pressurizes the rear 
brake caliper during normal braking. When the brake pedal is released, the brake fluid in the rear brake 
caliper returns to the rear brake master cylinder.
13 8
8 5
9
9
10
11 66
24
a
a
7A
1. Front brake master cylinder
2. Brake lever
3. Rear brake master cylinder
4. Brake pedal
5. Separation solenoid valve
6. Hydraulic pump
7. Shuttle solenoid valve
8. Inlet solenoid valve
9. Outlet solenoid valve
10. Rear brake caliper
11. Front brake calipers A. Pressurize
a. Input  
						

							
haha FEATURES
1-21
Emergency braking (ABS activated and UBS not activated)
Depressurizing phase:
When the front wheel (or the rear wheel) is about to lock, the outlet solenoid valve is\
 opened by the 
“ depressurization ” signal transmitted from the ABS ECU. When this occurs, the inlet soleno\
id valve 
closes the brake line from the brake master cylinder. Because the outlet\
 solenoid valve is open, the 
brake fluid is sent to the buffer chamber. As a result, the hydraulic pressure\
 in the brake caliper is re-
duced. The brake fluid stored in the buffer chamber is pumped back to the brake master cylinder by the 
hydraulic pump linked to the ABS motor.
Pressurizing phase:
The outlet solenoid valve is closed by the  “pressurization ” signal transmitted from the ABS ECU. At this 
time, the ABS ECU controls the opening of the inlet solenoid valve. As the inlet solenoid valve opens, 
the brake line from the brake master cylinder opens, allowing the brake fluid to be sent to the brak\
e 
caliper.
13
7 7
b
10
b c
d
c 11
11
14
15 1313 12
99
8
24
a
a
105
6 A
B
1. Front brake master cylinder
2. Brake lever
3. Rear brake master cylinder
4. Brake pedal
5. Separation solenoid valve
6. Shuttle solenoid valve
7. Damping chamber
8. ABS motor
9. Hydraulic pump
10. Inlet solenoid valve
11. Outlet solenoid valve
12. Check valve
13. Buffer chamber
14. Rear brake caliper
15. Front brake calipers
A. Pressurize
B. Depressurize
a. Input b. Inlet solenoid valve is closed
c. Outlet solenoid valve is open
d. Hydraulic pump is operating