Lucent Technologies DEFINITY Enterprise Communications Server Release 8.2 Instructions Manual

							DEFINITY ECS Release 8.2
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This is where your AAR or ARS route pattern comes into play. Typically, a route 
pattern for an IP trunk group uses the IP trunk group as its primary route and 
assigns one or more conventional trunk groups as alternate routes. Whenever the 
IP trunk group is blocked, DEFINITY ECS automatically routes its traffic over 
one of the alternate trunk groups you’ve administered. When transmission quality 
improves, DEFINITY ECS automatically sends your calls over the IP network 
again.
PSTN Fallback
PSTN Fallback uses the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) to reroute 
calls. It monitors service quality over each IP trunk group, allowing you the 
benefit of Internet or intranet call savings whenever possible while ensuring that 
high quality voice transmission is always available.
By default, PSTN Fallback is disabled and calls route over the IP network 
regardless of the voice quality. If transmission quality degrades, calls over the IP 
network timeout during call setup and users hear a reorder tone (a fast busy tone) 
indicating that they should hang up and try the call again later.
NOTE:
Continue with the rest of this section only if you plan to use PSTN Fallback. 
When PSTN Fallback is enabled, the DEFINITY IP Trunk application 
periodically checks the quality of service (QOS) on the IP network, to the remote 
site you want to call. The DEFINITY IP Trunk application checks the QOS by 
sending packets to the remote site and keeping a running average of the results of 
several samplings of the packets sent. When the averages exceed specified limits, 
the DEFINITY IP Trunk application instructs the switch to route calls to the 
remote IP trunk site through the PSTN. In order for PSTN Fallback to work 
properly, trunk groups must be administered consistent with Line Pools and the 
associated quality of service limits.
Quality of service to one remote site (IP address) may be poor while quality of 
service to another remote site is good. If the quality of service to one remote site is 
poor, you want to use the PSTN for calls to that site in order to ensure good voice 
quality. At the same time, if the quality of service to another remote site is good, 
you want to continue sending calls to that site over the IP network in order to save 
costs. 
With the DEFINITY IP Trunk application, you use Line Pools to distinguish 
between calls going to different remote sites. A Line Pool is a logical grouping of 
trunk group members that are associated with the IP address of a particular remote 
site. For example, you can create Line Pool 1, associate a certain trunk group with 
Line Pool 1, and associate Line Pool 1 (and its trunk group members) with a site 
in New York City whose IP address is 192.68.25.1. You can create additional Line 
Pools for additional remote sites. 
						

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PSTN Example
For example, say you create trunk group 10 and assign its members to the first 12 
potts on the IP trunk circuit pack. Then you create a route pattern (for example, 5) 
with trunk group 10 for the first route preference and the trunk group for PSTN 
access for the second route preference. On the ARS analysis form, telephone 
numbers going to remote site A use route pattern 5. If the quality of service to 
remote site A becomes unacceptable, the DEFINITY IP Trunk application uses 
inservice/active status to block the trunk group members (trunk group 10) in Line 
Pool 1. A call routed to route pattern 5 follows the second route preference, which 
is the switch’s PSTN access trunk group. The call routes over the regular 
telephone network. When the DEFINITY IP Trunk application determines that the 
quality of service to remote site A is acceptable again, it unblocks (makes idle) all 
of the members in the Line Pool 1. The switch routes new calls to trunk group 10, 
and sends the calls over the IP trunks.
Additional trunk groups, route patterns and set of ARS analysis entries are created 
for additional ports on the IP circuit pack for another Line Pool associated with 
additional remote sites.
To summarize, there are a number of possible situations concerning PSTN 
Fallback. The following are some of the more common ones:
PSTN Fallback is not used
1. Create one trunk group for all of your licensed channels.
2. Create one route pattern that contains only the above trunk group.
3. For each remote site, create a set (depending on the level off-premise 
dialing allowed) of ARS analysis entries that all point at the IP trunk route 
pattern.
PSTN Fallback is used with one remote site
1. Create one trunk group for all of your licensed channels.
2. Create one route pattern that contains the above trunk group as the primary 
route and a PSTN trunk group as the secondary route.
3. Create a set (depending on the level off-premise dialing allowed) of ARS 
analysis entries for the remote site that all point at the IP trunk route 
pattern. 
						

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Network issues
nLucent recommends that you avoid more than 3 consecutive analog voice 
to data pack conversions on voice calls. Repeated compression and 
decompression of a voice call may seriously degrade sound quality. 
nIP trunks can be used in Distributed Communications System (DCS) 
networks, but you’ll need a separate board, such as a C-LAN circuit pack, 
to provide a signaling channel. Connect the C-LAN board to the same LAN 
as the IP trunk circuit pack. If the IP network is significantly slower than 
the network carrying DCS messaging, the DCS messages for a call could 
arrive at the destination before the call arrives. See DEFINITY ECS 
Administration for Network Connectivity for more information on DCS 
networks.
nIf IP calls are tandemed through an intermediate switch and the destination 
switch generates the call progress tones, the tones the caller hears may be 
distorted because they’ve been compressed and expanded several times.
Alerts
Alerts allow you to monitor the DEFINITY IP Trunk application service on one or 
more systems. Whenever an event occurs on a DEFINITY IP Trunk application 
that might affect service, a popup window appears on the receiving Windows 
NT™ system monitor. For information about setting up alerts refer to DEFINITY 
ECS Administration for Network Connectivity. 
PSTN Fallback is used with multiple remote sites
1. Create a separate trunk group for the channels of each line pool.
2. Create a separate route pattern for each trunk group. Each route pattern 
should contain the IP trunk group as the primary route and a PSTN trunk 
group as the secondary route.
3. For each remote site, create a set (depending on the level off-premise 
dialing allowed) of ARS analysis entries that point at the route pattern for 
that site’s trunk group. 
						

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Call Detail Recording Logs
The DEFINITY IP Trunk application can create Call Detail Recording (CDR) 
logs on the IP trunk server so that you can retrieve the records from your LAN. 
However, CDR files on the IP trunk server are not backed up, and you have to 
manage both the IP trunk CDR file and the CDR logs on the switch. If you don’t 
need to access IP Trunk CDR data over the LAN, Lucent recommends that you 
not activate CDR logs on the IP trunk server. 
NOTE:
Once you start the IP trunk CDR function in Configuration Manager, you 
can’t turn it off except by editing the c:\its\bin\its.ini. To turn IP trunk CDR 
logging off, change the entry “CdrSwitch=” to 0 in the its.ini file.
The DEFINITY ECS application logs call detail records and error messages. The 
format and content of these records is different from the format and content of call 
detail records created by DEFINITY ECS.
CDR data is logged into flat text files. In Windows NT, these files are stored in 
C:\Its\log\cdr, by default, and you can specify a different location. The Service 
Logs property page of Configuration Manager indicates the location of the logs. 
To view the file, in the Windows NT Explorer, find the log file directory and 
double-click the appropriate cdr_yyyymmdd_hhmmss.log file.
CDR data log files are written with file names in the following format: cdr_
yyyymmdd_hhmmss.log. The file name has a time stamp in 24-hour time format 
that indicates the local date and time. Whenever a new log file is created, its name 
contains the current time stamp. A file may be empty if no calls have been made. 
A new log file is written every day that a call is placed. A new log file is also 
created every time the service is started.
Each record in the CDR file is 232 bytes long and contains information about one 
call. The DEFINITY IP Trunk application collects data for 18 fields in each 
record, and each field is separated by a space. These fields are detailed in the 
following chart. Note the following:
nA record ends with a new line (two bytes, a carriage return, and a line feed 
character).
nThe data is right-justified and padded with blanks. 
nOther character positions in the record are blank for this release. 
						

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Quality of Service Logs
The DEFINITY IP Trunk application allows you to log Quality of Service 
statistics. 
Quality of Service (QoS) data is logged into flat text files. In Windows NT, these 
files are stored in the C:\Its\log\qos directory, by default, and you can specify a 
different location. The Service Logs property page of Configuration Manager 
indicates the location of the logs. QoS data log files are written with file names in 
the following format: qos_yyyymmdd_ hhmmss. log. The file name has a time 
stamp in 24-hour time format, that indicates the local date and time. Whenever a 
new log file is created, its name contains the current time stamp. A record is 
written to the QoS log whenever a line pool is blocked or unblocked by the 
automatic PSTN fallback mechanism. A file may be empty if there have been no 
blocks or unblocks of any line pools, and if monitoring for any of the line pools 
was never started. A new log file is created every time the service is started.
Field 
Number Position Name Explanation
11 – 4 Start Time Start time of a call.
4 digits: HHMM
(Hours.Minutes)
(24-hour time format)
2 6 – 10 Duration The duration of the call in seconds.
3 12 Condition Code 1, call from PSTN
2, call from INET
3, call with error
4 14 – 45 Dialed Number The dialed number (right-justified).
5 47 – 78 Calling Number The calling telephone number 
(right-justified). This field is not used 
in this release of DEFINITY ECS.
680 – 82 Incoming Cir ID The ID number of the PBX circuit 
used to send the call to the DEFINITY 
ECS.
3 digits (hundreds, tens, units)
414 – 45 Dialed Number The dialed number (right-justified).
5 47 – 78 Calling Number The calling telephone number 
(right-justified). This field is not used 
in this release of DEFINITY ECS. 
						

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Make sure that QoS monitoring is enabled for the line pool of interest through the 
Properties dialog box under the Quality of Service tab in Configuration Manager.
To view the file, in the Windows NT Explorer, find the log file directory and 
double- click the appropriate file qos_ yyyymmdd_ hhmmss. log.
Each record in the QoS file is 65 bytes long and contains information about the 
quality of service for one line pool at the time that the automatic PSTN fallback 
mechanism blocked or unblocked that line pool. Data is collected for four fields in 
each record. These records are detailed in the following chart. Note that:
nA record ends with a new line (two bytes, a carriage return, and a line feed 
character).
nThe data is left-justified and padded with blanks. 
When QoS monitoring is enabled, the DEFINITY ECS application makes the 
information available to the Windows NT Performance Monitor.
To view QoS statistics in the Windows NT Performance Monitor:
1. Click Start, Programs, Administrative Tools.
2. Click Performance Monitor.
The three QoS parameters will be available for charting or logging under 
the object QOSMon.
3. Click Close.
Field 
Number Position Name Explanation
1 1-15 Time Time that the block or unblock (or start 
of monitoring) occurred
HH.MM.SS.MMM
(Hours.Minutes.Seconds.Milliseconds)
2 16-31 IP address Remote IP address of the line pool
3 32-47 QoS 
parametersThe three quality of service 
measurements:
current round trip delay
average round trip delay
average packet loss percentage
separated by the pipe (|) symbol and 
expressed in decimal numbers
4 48-63 Action Status of the line pool at the time the 
record was written; either “block” or 
“unblock” 
						

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Making phone calls with computers
H.323 is a set of standards for transmitting voice calls over an IP network. A 
number of Windows-based applications allow telephone calls to be made from 
one H.323 compliant PC, with a microphone and speakers or headset, over the IP 
network to another H.323 compliant PC. The DEFINITY IP Trunk application 
supports H.323 telephone calls and Microsoft NetMeeting. This means that 
NetMeeting can make a call to a DEFINITY ECS with the DEFINITY IP Trunk 
application. That switch may route the call off-premise, depending on how the 
DEFINITY ECS application is configured. 
Refer to ‘‘Configuring Microsoft NetMeeting™’’ on page 384 for instructions.
Interactions
nAbbreviated Dialing
IP trunks drop the digits after a pause in an abbreviated dial string.
nAutomatic callback
Automatic callback does not work on DCS over IP trunks.
nCall coverage
Calls that route to multiple endpoints via call coverage, forwarding, and 
transfer, including coverage to voicemail, experience lower voice quality 
over an IP trunk network.
nConferencing
Multiple parties conferenced over IP trunks experience delay during 
conversation.
nCoverage of Calls Redirected Offnet (CCRON)
CCRON does not work over IP trunk.
nDirectory
Integrated directory information does not appear on display phones 
connected via IP trunks.
nFacility Test Call
You can’t use Facility Test Calls to test IP trunk ports.
nISDN
ISDN features such as 10-digit number display, QSIG , and path 
replacement do not work over IP trunk.  
						

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Related topics
Refer to the DEFINITY ECS Administration for Network Connectivity for more 
information on managing IP trunks, including complete administration 
instructions.
Refer to ‘‘
IP Trunk Configuration Manager’’ on page 736 for detailed 
descriptions of all the fields in Configuration Manager.
ISDN service
The Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) provides a message-oriented 
signaling method that allows information to be sent along with a call and gives 
you access to a variety of public and private network services and facilities. The 
ISDN standard consists of layers 1, 2, and 3 of the Open System Interconnect 
(OSI) model. DEFINITY ECS can be connected to an Integrated Services Digital 
Network using standard frame formats: the Basic Rate Interface (BRI) and the 
Primary Rate Interface (PRI).
An Integrated Services Digital Network provides end-to-end digital connections 
and uses a high-speed interface that provides service-independent access to 
switched services. Through internationally accepted standard interfaces, an 
Integrated Services Digital Network provides circuit or packet-switched 
connections within a network and can link to other ISDN-supported interfaces to 
provide national and international digital connections.
NOTE:
DEFINITY ECS Administrator’s Guide does not contain procedures for 
working with ISDN trunk groups. Due to the complexity of ISDN 
technology and the potential consequences of errors, ask your Lucent 
representative to assist you in planning, installing, and administering ISDN 
trunks.
Brief description
ISDN supports the following:
nCall-by-Call Service Selection (CBC)
nDistributed Communications System (DCS). (Only ISDN-PRI supports 
DCS+ and DCS with Rerouting)
nElectronic Tandem Networks (ETN) 
nFacility Associated Signaling (FAS) and Non-Facility Associated 
Signaling (NFAS) (Only ISDN-PRI supports this.) 
						

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nGeneralized Route Selection (GRS)
nCall Identification Display — Calling Party Number (CPN) and Billing 
Number (BN)
nAdministered Connections and Access Endpoints 
nInterworking (a mixture of ISDN and non-ISDN trunks and stations)
nWideband Switching (H0, H11, H12, and NxDS0 — only ISDN-PRI 
supports this.)
nQSIG Multivendor Connectivity
nLookahead Inteflow
nLookahead Routing
nUsage Allocation
Screens used to administer ISDN
Refer to Access Endpoint
 to administer Access Endpoints and Wideband Access 
endpoints.
Refer to ISDN trunk group
 for detailed information on the fields used to 
administer:
— Supplementary Service Protocol (supports public network 
connection)
— Calling Number (supports CPN)
— Incoming Call Handling Treatment Table (supports digit 
manipulation, CPN or BN requests, and night service destinations)
— CBC Trunk Group Usage Allocation screen (supports Call-by-Call 
Service Selection Usage Allocation Plans)
— CBC Trunk Group Allocation Plan Assignment Schedule (supports 
Call-by-Call Service Selection Usage Allocation Plans)
— Wideband Support Options (supports Wideband Switching)
Refer to ‘‘
ISDN Numbering — Private’’ to administer private numbering plans.
Refer to ‘‘
ISDN Numbering — Public/ Unknown’’ to administer ISDN call 
identification displays.
Refer to the DEFINTY services documentation for information about the 
following screens: ISDN TSC Gateway Channel Assignments, Network Facilities 
(supports usage allocation used in Call-by-Call Service Selection), and Signaling 
Group (used to define a group of B-channels for which a given D-channel or 
D-channel pair carries signaling information). 
						

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Transmission rate and protocols
In ISDN-PRI, the transmission standard for layer 1 (the physical layer) is either 
DS1 T1 or E1. The DS1 T1 (used in North America and Japan) is a 
digital-transmission standard that carries traffic at the rate of 1.544 Mbps, and the 
E1 (used in Europe) carries traffic at a rate of 2.048 Mbps. The “D” (data) channel 
multiplexes signaling messages for the “B” (bearer) channels carrying voice or 
data. In a T1, when a D-channel is present, it occupies Channel 24. In an E1, when 
a D-channel is present, it occupies channel 16.
DEFINITY ECS offers several administrable protocols, each of which provides a 
different set of ISDN services. Refer to ‘‘
DS1 Trunk Service’’ on page 1328 for 
more information. These protocols are discussed in detail later in this section. The 
following combination of services, including but not limited to Basic Call, Basic 
Supplementary Services, Supplementary Services with Rerouting, Display, and 
QSIG Networking are supported on the ISDN-PRI interface. Available services 
outside the United States vary from country to country.
With ISDN, DEFINITY ECS interfaces with a wide range of other products 
including switches, network switches, and host computers. These products 
include earlier DEFINITY communications systems, public network switches (for 
example, 4ESS, 5ESS, and Northern Telecom DMS250), and other products that 
adhere to the ISDN signaling protocol.
As an example of how ISDN is used in private- and public-network 
configurations , see the following figures. For example, ISDN can be used to 
connect a switch to a public-switched network, to other switches, and to 
computers: